This review with 98 references describes the synthesis of mesoporous materials containing nanoparticles, characterization of these materials and their material properties: catalytic, optical, and magnetic. All synthetic methods are grouped into seven categories depending on the way of metal compound incorporation and metal particle formation. Advantages and disadvantages of each method for each particular application are discussed. A short description of methods used for characterization of mesoporous materials with nanoparticles is presented including examples of their applications. Catalytic, optical, and magnetic properties of mesoporous solids containing nanoparticles are discussed.