Five different carbide–matrix coatings (laser claddings) have been investigated about correlation of their specific structural parameters—especially volumetric carbide distribution—with ASTM G65 abrasion wear rates. For this study, the hardphase networks of laser claddings have been characterized by specific structural parameters, such as mean inter-particle distance, mean carbide diameter, carbide area fraction, and matrix hardness. To generate quantitative values for the inter-particle distances a particular method was developed. From regression analyses, it has become evident that wear effects arising from carbide inter-particle distance surpass the influence of carbide diameter and that of carbide fraction. Only minor contribution to abrasive wear rates is related with matrix hardness.