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Drawing on examples mostly from Inupiaq and Yupik sea ice expertise in coastal Alaska, this contribution examines how local and indigenous knowledge (LIK) can inform and guide geophysical and biological sea ice research. Part of the relevance of LIK derives from its linkage to sea ice use and the services coastal communities derive from the ice cover. As a result, indigenous experts keep track of...
Franz Boas, the “founding father” of North American anthropology, has long been credited with many pioneer contributions to the field of Arctic anthropology, as a result of his first and only fieldwork among the Inuit on Baffin Island, following the First International Polar Year 1882–1883. In this new “polar year” the SIKU project has initiated several studies of the Inuit terminology for sea ice...
This chapter provides a linguistic perspective on recent research by anthropologists and human geographers about indigenous sea ice terms in Nunavut and Nunatsiavut (Labrador), providing a basic introduction to pertinent linguistic properties of Inuktitut and arguing that they shed further light on Inuit sea ice knowledge. A number of sea ice terms from the largely unknown Utkuhiksalingmiut dialect...
The analysis of a set of Inuit words associated with the “ice,” collected in west and east Greenland (Kalaallisut and Tunumiisut), shows how polysynthesis works in lexical morphology. Many lexical items can be easily segmented, and a single root can be used as a base for a number of lexical items with a variety of senses. These words often take the form of an explanatory and/or descriptive comment...
The role and participation of indigenous peoples in international arctic policy matters represents a critical element of meeting the future governance challenges in the region. This chapter describes how the nature of partnerships between scientists and northern indigenous peoples can serve as a model for partnerships of a more political nature. Such partnerships, like those developed as part of IPY...
This chapter assesses the contributions to understanding sea ice in terms of the concept of social ontology, which refers to the web of social relations that give objects their meaning and significance. In the Inuit world, sea ice has a clearly defined set of nomenclatures and toponymies, and is embedded in a rich system of meanings and significance. By contrast the meaning of sea ice in the sciences...
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