The concepts of colonialism and patriarchy have influenced the imaging of women in the pre-, colonial, and post-eras. In Chapter 5, the author describes the historical representations of the idealized, white, western femininity and the non-white, non-western woman created by westerners for a western audience. Representations were mobilized to reinforce and regulate the political and economic control of colonialism. Images of women during slavery, reconstruction, and at the height of European colonialism reinforced the hierarchy of men as superior to women and of the white European as superior to the “native.” These images have been reproduced in textbooks and posters for educational purposes. These biased depictions have historically helped to create ethnocentric attitudes toward difference that continue to reverberate today.