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Abastract Studies in small and large animals have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of fetal surgery for selected cases of certain life-threatening fetal diseases. The first open surgery on a human fetus was performed for congenital bladder obstruction in 1981 by Dr. Michael Harrison at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). Since then, advanced fetal imaging has dramatically improved...
∼1 per 3,500 live-births M = F Isolated (∼50%) Associated anomalies (∼50%) These vary in severity and number but two nonrandom associations/syndromes are recognized with EA as a component.
The Danish pediatrician Harald Hirschsprung first described the key features of pyloric stenosis (PS) based on two infants who had died from it in 1888. This was followed by various rarely successful surgical attempts at bypassing or overcoming the gastric outlet obstruction culminating in Conrad Ramsted describing in 1912 two successful cases where only the pyloric musculature was divided.
Incidence ∼1% (but variable depending on definition, or mode of diagnosis). Causes <5% of intestinal obstruction during childhood. Most (50–70%) are diagnosed in the neonatal period. M = F.
Absence of ganglion cells was documented in 1948 as the cause of Hirschsprung’s disease (HD), which subsequently allowed for a rational approach to its diagnosis and surgical management.
At about 8 weeks gestation, the enlarging liver causes the displacement of other viscera outside the umbilical ring, to return by 10 weeks. Failure to do this results in exomphalos. Thus, it should be covered with sac and Wharton’s jelly with insertion of the cord at its apex. The embryological defect of gastroschisis is disputed and appears to be a right-sided defect appearing by a normally inserted...
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