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Gut hormones [ghrelin, peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)] are an important group of hormones that target appetite control. They are released from endocrine L cells of the small bowel in proportion to the volume, components and calories in a meal. In the current study, 20 g of gelatin (flavored and sweetened) were given to obese patients (n=12) and lean subjects (n=10). Subsequently,...
Athletes of light-weight sport classes are under a constant strain to control eating and body shape, which can make them prone to develop eating disorders. In the present study, cognitive control of eating (restrained eating) and body dissatisfaction were investigated in male elite athletes of light-weight and heavy-weight classes at different ages. Body dissatisfaction was assessed under hunger and...
BACKGROUND AND AIM: One of the major public health problems in Turkey is the high prevalence of obesity, which is particularly frequent among women. As it has been reported that parity affects body fat and BMI, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between parity number, socioeconomic status and obesity. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study involved 286 married or divorced women aged...
OBJECTIVE: Research is limited on the psychological predictors of successful long-term weight maintenance after weight loss. Therefore, the present study examined the individual contributions of body image, depression, and self-esteem to successful weight maintenance after a significant weight loss. METHOD: Measures of depression, self-esteem, and body image were administered at baseline, three-,...
OBJECTIVE: This study tested whether baseline behavioral and psychological variables predict weight and fat loss among overweight, non-obese individuals participating in a six-month calorie restriction trial. Participants (N=48) were randomly assigned to four groups, three of which included a calorie restriction program and one of which served as a healthy diet weight maintenance control. For the...
OBJECTIVE: To provide a critical review of the research on mood and anxiety disorders in relatives of individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN). In the first section, we explore methodological issues with these studies. In the second section, we present results. METHOD: A Medline search identified studies published on family history of mood and anxiety disorders in AN, and was complemented by a...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Recent estimates in US have shown that more than a third of 65 years old subjects are obese. The objective of this study was to test the accuracy of six prediction equations to estimate resting energy expenditure (REE) in elderly obese subjects (age >60 years). METHODS: Twenty-nine obese Caucasian male (n=8) and female (n=21) subjects (age range: 60–77 years) attended...
OBJECTIVE: Severe hypoglycemia is an important but uncommon complication of anorexia nervosa. A 35-year-old woman showed severe hypoglycemia after a recovery from severe liver dysfunction due to malnutrition. METHODS: To reveal the cause of severe hypoglycemia, we measured plasma hormones and performed a 75g oral glucose loading test. RESULTS: Fasting serum adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol,...
OBJECTIVE: The Quality of Life (QoL) of overweight and obese subjects is a widely discussed topic. From numerous studies, it emerges that obese persons suffer significant damage as result of their overweight in terms of QoL with regard to their physical and psychosocial well-being, with greater incidence associated with the degree of obesity. Our study aims at evaluating the usefulness of specific...
OBJECTVE: To investigate whether negative mood and unbalanced nutrition style (fat rich/carbohydrate low) synergistically trigger binge eating in overweight and obese binge eating disorder (BED) patients. METHODS: Subsequently to following an unbalanced or a balanced nutrition plan for three days, participants’ food intake in a taste test was measured. During the taste test, participants were...
Factors associated with the development of eating disorders in countries with non-Western cultures have not been adequately investigated in relation to Westernized countries. We therefore studied 243 girls [age =16.5±1.2 (SD)], recruited from schools in India, Tibet, the US and France. They completed the Figure Rating Scale (FRS), the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT), and the Beck Depression Inventory...
OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to examine the extent to which yearly assessments of eating patterns and attitudes, self-esteem and coping strategies over a 3-year period among adolescent girls predicted the degree of disturbed eating attitudes at the year 3-assessment. Our main hypothesis was that such attitudes year 3 would be predicted by eating attitudes, restrained, emotional, and external eating...
The article reviews the international literature about psychopathological aspects and treatments of Night Eating Syndrome (NES). Studies were found using Medline; data from recent international books and conferences about ED are included, but single case descriptions are not included in the study. NES seems to be consistently related to mood disorders and anxiety. There is a low overlap between other...
PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term impact of Medifast meal-replacement supplements (MMRS) combined with appetite suppressant medication (ASM) among participants who received 52 weeks of treatment. METHODS: We conducted a systematic program evaluation of weight loss data from a medically-supervised weight control program combining the use of MMRS and ASM. Data were obtained and analyzed from 1,351...
A high prevalence of eating disorders among drug-addicted female patients has been noted, and it could be associated to psychopathological underlying factors. Our aim was to assess eating disorder traits in women approaching a residential program for drug addiction. We hypothesized that these traits would correlate to more general psychopathological factors, and would influence treatment relapse....
Research has found that athletes, particularly those involved in “aesthetically oriented” sports, experience significant pressures for thinness and are at increased risk for developing eating disorders. This study targeted cheerleading coaches as potential change agents by training them to recognize the symptoms of eating disorders and reduce the pressures for thinness among their squads. Cheerleading...
The aim of this longitudinal study of 383 Swedish adolescent girls (11 and 13 years old at year 1) and their parents was to examine changes in eating attitudes over a two-year period, and to investigate the predictive value of eating attitudes, perfectionism, asceticism, family climate and body mass index (BMI) for the development of disturbed eating attitudes. The following self-report questionnaires...
Machiavellianism has not previously been systematically explored in the eating disorders. This personality dimension involves the social cognitive processes required to identify others’s intentions and the use of strategies to deceive and manipulate others. Individuals suffering with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) often try to conceal their disorder through the use of deceptive strategies. In this study we...
OBJECTIVE: Perfectionism, poor self-esteem and stress have all been described as important risk factors for eating disorders. The purpose of this study was to assess whether a stressful situation is significantly correlated to and associated with significantly higher levels of perfectionism, stress, quantifiable measures of eating disorders, and with significantly lower levels of self-esteem in...
OBJECTIVE: No study has examined the connection between the mothers’ weight concerns, their psychological characteristics as well as their educational level and their children’s weight concerns in China. Nor has the gender effect on the eating attitudes of pre- to post-pubertal Chinese children been explored (aged 10–13). METHOD: The children (girls N=138, boys N=103) were given a Chinese version...
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