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Tacrolimus prolonged release (Envarsus ®; henceforth referred to as tacrolimus PR) is a new, once-daily, prolonged-release tacrolimus formulation, utilizing a drug delivery technology designed to enhance the bioavailability of drugs with low water solubility by creating a solid solution of the drug. This article reviews the pharmacological properties of tacrolimus PR and its clinical...
Blinatumomab (BLINCYTO™) is a novel, bispecific T-cell engaging antibody that binds cluster of differentiation (CD) 19 antigens on blast cells while also binding and activating the CD3/T cell receptor complex, causing cell lysis. The antibody is being developed by Amgen as a treatment for haematological cancers that originate from B cell lines. Blinatumomab was approved by the US FDA in December 2014...
Obinutuzumab (Gazyva ® ; Gazyvaro ® ) is an intravenously administered, glycoengineered, humanized, type II, anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody of the IgG1 subclass. It is available in the EU and the USA as combination therapy with oral chlorambucil in adults with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). In a multinational phase III study in this patient...
Secukinumab (Cosentyx™) is a fully human monoclonal antibody against interleukin-17A, formulated for intravenous and subcutaneous administration. It received its first global approval in Japan on 26 December 2014 for the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in adults who are not adequately responding to systemic therapies (except for biologic agents). In the USA and the EU, secukinumab was...
Ruxolitinib (Jakavi ® , Jakafi ® ) is an orally administered inhibitor of Janus kinases (JAK) 1 and 2 used in the management of patients with myelofibrosis. Clinical trials with ruxolitinib, notably the phase III COMFORT-I and -II studies and their extensions, have demonstrated marked and durable clinical benefits in terms of reductions in splenomegaly and disease-related...
Background While a variety of intervention options have been described for pemphigus vulgaris, the optimal treatment strategy has not been established. Objectives The objective of this systematic review is to assess the literature on the efficacy and safety of interventions for the treatment of pemphigus vulgaris. Data Sources Five electronic databases were searched, including...
As the global incidence of HIV exceeds 2 million new infections annually, effective interventions to decrease HIV transmission are needed. Randomized, placebo-controlled studies have demonstrated that daily oral antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with a fixed-dose combination tablet containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine can significantly reduce HIV incidence among...
Fluticasone furoate/vilanterol (Relvar ® ) is a once-daily, fixed combination of an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and a long-acting β 2 -adrenoreceptor agonist (LABA), delivered via a dry powder inhaler (Ellipta ® ). It is approved for the treatment of asthma in the EU and Japan, and is the first once-daily ICS/LABA to be available for this indication. Fluticasone...
Oral naloxegol (Movantik™, Moventig ® ), a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor antagonist, inhibits opioid binding in μ-opioid receptors in the gastrointestinal tract. This article reviews the pharmacological properties of naloxegol and its clinical efficacy and tolerability in patients with opioid-induced constipation. It demonstrated clinical efficacy and was well tolerated...
Cilostazol is a unique antiplatelet agent that has been commercially available for over two decades. As a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, it reversibly inhibits platelet aggregation yet also possesses vasodilatory and antiproliferative properties. It has been widely studied in a variety of disease states, including peripheral arterial disease, cerebrovascular disease, and coronary artery disease...
Outcome of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) has greatly improved with the use of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and new agents, such as immunomodulatory drugs (thalidomide and lenalidomide) and proteasome inhibitors (bortezomib). When compared to conventional chemotherapy, high-dose melphalan with ASCT significantly improved response rates and progression-free survival, while overall...
Febuxostat (Adenuric ® , Uloric ® , Feburic ® ) is an orally-active, potent, non-purine, selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor. In the EU, it is indicated in adults for the treatment of chronic hyperuricaemia in conditions where urate deposition has already occurred. Unlike allopurinol, the prototypical xanthine oxidase inhibitor that is the cornerstone therapy...
Posaconazole (Noxafil ® ) is a triazole antifungal agent with an extended spectrum of antifungal activity. It is approved for the prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections in patients with neutropenia or in haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients undergoing high-dose immunosuppressive therapy for graft-versus-host disease, and for the treatment of fungal infections. The efficacy...
Chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP) is a serious complication of major surgery that can impair a patient’s quality of life. The development of CPSP is a complex process which involves biologic, psychosocial, and environmental mechanisms that have yet to be fully understood. Currently perioperative pharmacologic interventions aim to suppress and prevent sensitization with the aim of reducing pain and...
Symptoms of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) may develop within 6–24 h after the abrupt discontinuation or decrease of alcohol consumption. Symptoms can vary from autonomic hyperactivity and agitation to delirium tremens. The gold-standard treatment for AWS is with benzodiazepines (BZDs). Among the BZDs, different agents (i.e., long-acting or short-acting) and different regimens (front-loading,...
Vonoprazan (Takecab ® ) is an orally bioavailable potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB) being developed by Takeda for the treatment and prevention of acid-related diseases. The drug is approved in Japan for the treatment of acid-related diseases, including erosive oesophagitis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, peptic ulcer, gastro-oesophageal reflux, reflux oesophagitis and ...
Health behaviors such as retention in HIV medical care and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) pose major challenges to reducing new HIV infections, addressing health disparities, and improving health outcomes. Andersen’s Behavioral Model of Health Service Use provides a conceptual framework for understanding how patient and environmental factors affect health behaviors and outcomes, which can...
Palbociclib (Ibrance ® ) is an oral, reversible, selective, small-molecule inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 4 and CDK6 developed by Pfizer for the treatment of cancer. CDKs are important modulators of cell cycle entry and progression in response to growth signals, and inhibition of these kinases with palbociclib could enhance the activity of other anticancer drugs in...
This narrative review reports on the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of rotigotine, a non-ergolinic D 3 /D 2 /D 1 dopamine receptor agonist approved for the treatment of early- and advanced-stage Parkinson’s disease (PD) and moderate to severe restless legs syndrome (RLS). Rotigotine is formulated as a transdermal patch providing continuous...
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