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The physiological changes that accompany hepatic impairment alter drug disposition. Porto-systemic shunting might decrease the first-pass metabolism of a drug and lead to increased oral bioavailability of highly extracted drugs. Distribution can also be altered as a result of impaired production of drug-binding proteins or changes in body composition. Furthermore, the activity and capacity of hepatic...
Age-related hormonal decline is gradual and less recognized in men than in women. Symptoms are oftentimes ignored and non-specific. Fatigue, lack of concentration, mood swings, decreased sexual desire, erectile dysfunction, infertility, hair loss, reduced muscle and bone mass, and weight gain are a few of the symptoms of male hypogonadism. This disorder is linked to reduction in quality of life, and...
The use of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors provided proof-of-concept for a synthetic lethal anticancer strategy as a result of their efficacy and favourable toxicity profile in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Efforts are underway to identify a broader group of patients with genomic susceptibility that may benefit from these agents. In an endeavour to enhance anti-tumour effects, PARP inhibitors...
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia that is associated with severe consequences, including symptoms, haemodynamic instability, increased cardiovascular mortality and stroke. While other arrhythmias such as torsades de pointes and sinus bradycardia are more typically thought of as drug induced, AF may also be precipitated by drug therapy, although ascribing causality to drug-associated...
The epidemiology of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) has undergone significant changes since the discovery of Helicobacter pylori. Various aetiologies contribute to recurrent PUD. Ulcers related to untreated H. pylori infection tend to recur. Use of NSAIDs, low-dose aspirin and dual anti-platelet therapy have become important risk factors for recurrent ulcers and their complications as the proportion of...
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are a heterogeneous group of potentially life-threatening complications that occur after solid organ and bone marrow transplantation. Risk factors for acquiring PTLD are type of organ transplanted, age, intensity of immunosuppression, viral infections such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and time after transplantation. Due to a dearth of well designed...
Subcutaneous exenatide extended-release (ER; Bydureon™; also known as exenatide once weekly), a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, provides a convenient, simple, once-weekly regimen that is approved in adult patients with type 2 diabetes as adjunctive monotherapy to diet plus exercise (in the US; not as first-line therapy) and/or as combination therapy with specific oral antihyperglycaemic...
Dextranomer in stabilized sodium hyaluronate, hereafter referred to as dextranomer/hyaluronic acid, is a biocompatible bulking agent administered by submucosal injection. It is hypothesized to expand the submucosal layer of the proximal anal canal, thereby augmenting bowel control. Treatment with dextranomer/hyaluronic acid was associated with symptomatic improvements in adult patients with faecal...
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