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Subcutaneous recombinant interferon-β-1a (Rebif®) 22 or 44μg three times weekly is a valuable option in the first-line treatment in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. It has shown benefits on outcome measures related to relapses, progression of disability, and magnetic resonance imaging in clinical trials. A significant efficacy advantage for subcutaneous interferon-β-1a three times...
The etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is incompletely understood, and evidence suggests there may be more than one underlying cause in this disorder. Furthermore, this complex and heterogeneous autoimmune disease shows a high degree of clinical variability between patients. Therefore, in the absence of a single therapeutic target for MS, it is difficult to apply conventional drug design strategies...
Summary Abstract Darbepoetin alfa (Aranesp®, Nespo®) is an amino acid substituted analog of human erythropoietin (EPO) that promotes erythrocyte survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Approved in Europe and the US for the treatment of anemia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), it is characterized by delayed clearance and a more prolonged elimination half-life than recombinant human...
The idiotypic determinants of B-cell lymphomas, formed by cell-specific rearrangement of the immunoglobulin genes, are unique and are therefore a suitable target against which to direct immunotherapy. Recent advances in our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms behind an effective immune response, coupled with advances in genetic engineering techniques, have led to a renewed interest in immunotherapy...
Anticalins are a novel class of engineered ligand-binding proteins that are prepared from lipocalins — conventional plasma proteins in humans —via targeted random mutagenesis and selection against prescribed haptens or antigens. The first anticalins were selected to bind to small ligands, such as the cardioactive drug digoxin. Recently, libraries that also permit the generation of anticalins with...
Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is among the newest modalities for treating the diverse neoplasms known as non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs). The first RIT agent approved by the US FDA was yttrium-90 (90Y) ibritumomab tiuxetan in February 2002. This radioimmunoconjugate consists of the monoclonal IgG1 antibody ibritumomab (the murine parent of rituximab) bound to the chelator tiuxetan and linked by a stable thiourea...
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