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Background: Inadequate initial antimicrobial therapy represents one of the factors associated with mortality of patients suffering from hospital-acquired pneumonia. According to its wide antimicrobial spectrum, imipenem belongs to the usual antibiotics proposed by current guidelines for such a therapy. However, major changes in the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacteria in the intensive...
The increasing resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae, the most important community respiratory pathogen, to beta-lactams and other first-line antimicrobial agents usually employed for the empirical treatment of lower respiratory tract infections has led to the inclusion, in several current guidelines, of a fluoroquinolone with improved activity against pneumococci as the first choice agent for...
Background: The combination of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and liposomal doxorubicin is a promising approach for the treatment of progressive HIV-related Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS). Here, we determined the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of liposomal doxorubicin and HAART as a combined treatment approach for advanced KS, and assessed the impact of liposomal doxorubicin on HAART-mediated...
Background: Previous studies have shown a high risk of fulminant hepatitis in HBsAg carriers with acute hepatitis. The etiology of acute hepatitis in HBsAg carriers was heterogeneous. This study aimed to correlate the incidence of fulminant hepatitis with the etiology in HBsAg carriers with acute hepatitis. Patients and Methods: The incidence of fulminant hepatitis was studied in 334 adults...
Background: We assessed data on the epidemiology of nosocomial infections (NIs) in a 14-bed neurosurgical intensive care unit (NSICU) and used surveillance data for the promotion of quality improvement activities. Patients and Methods: Prospective periodic surveillance was performed over five 3-month periods between July 1998 and October 2002 on all patients admitted with a length of stay...
Susceptibility to HIV-1 infections is, beside other factors, determined by individual host genetic variants like HLA class I alleles, CCR5 and CCR2 variants and levels of CCR5 binding chemokines. A new approach to determine the individual risk of acquiring an HIV infection or to estimate the disease progression could now be possible. In a recent study, a significant interindividual and interpopulation difference in the copy number of a segmental duplication encompassing the gene encoding CCL3L1, a potent human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV- 1)-suppressive chemokine was found. Possession of a CCL3L1 copy number lower than the population average was associated with markedly enhanced HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) susceptibility. This could lead to a screening test that identifies people who have a higher or lower susceptibility to HIV/ AIDS, potentially enabling clinicians to adapt treatment regimens. Also, this is particularly important for assessment of the efficacy of a protective vaccine....
Background: We investigated the number, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of ICU patients, who met precise clinical and physiological criteria for severe sepsis (as defined in the PROWESS study) in Slovak intensive care units. We designed an observational cohort epidemiological study with retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. 12 adult general intensive care...
Linezolid, the first of a new class of antibacterial drugs, the oxazolidinones, has inhibitory activity against a broad range of gram-positive aerobic cocci and also against certain anaerobes. Although diarrhea is one of the most frequently encountered adverse effects of linezolid, Clostridium difficile-related complications are very uncommon. One case of fatal C. difficile colitis in a patient...
Background: Linezolid is the first member of the new synthetic class of antibacterial agents that prevent the formation of the 70S ribosomal subunit. It represents an attractive choice in the therapeutic arsenal because it is effective against methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus spp. Adverse hematological events have been reported. They are rapidly reversible after discontinuation...
A 29-year-old man with rapidly destructive Staphylococcus epidermidis endocarditis after mitral valve reconstruction is presented. Resistance to rifampin and teicoplanin occurred during antibiotic treatment resulting in clinical failure and valve destruction. Subsequently, the patient was successfully treated, by combining valve replacement with antibiotic therapy including quinupristin/dalfopristin,...
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