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Background: The value of serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) procalcitonin for differentiating between acute bacterial and viral meningitis was assessed and compared to other parameters which are usually used in clinical practice. Patients: 45 adult patients (20 with bacterial and 25 with tick-borne encephalitis, TBE) were included in this prospective study. Results: The median serum procalcitonin...
Background: This study analyzes the prevalence of hospital and community-acquired infections caused by Escherichia coli. Patients and Methods: The antibiotic resistance pattern was used to characterize the isolates, and a retrospective observational study was performed to assess the relationship between antimicrobial use and bacterial resistance. The study was conducted during a 1-year and 7-month...
Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) due to Streptococcus pneumoniae is rare and has never been reported in an HIV-infected patient, despite the higher risk of invasive disease in this group. We describe here the first case of pneumococcal epidural abscess, presenting with fever and back pain in a 60-year-old man infected with HIV. Blood cultures were positive for S. pneumoniae and magnetic resonance imaging...
Background: The aim was to estimate the prevalence and the persistence of GB virus C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV) exposure markers in a group at high risk for transfusion-transmitted agents. Patients and Methods: Serum samples from 37 thalassemic patients were screened for GBV-C/HGV RNA by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and for antibodies to the envelope protein E2 of GBV-C/HGV (anti-E2). Results...
Background: Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a chronic central nervous (CNS) system infection caused by measles virus. Because changing immunization practices affect the epidemiology of measles and consequently SSPE, we examined the epidemilogical data of our SSPE registry. Materials and Methods: Age of onset, age at onset of measles, duration of latent period and immunization status...
Aspergillus tracheobronchitis is an uncommon clinical form of invasive aspergillosis with fungal infection limited entirely or predominately to the tracheobronchial tree. We report a case of Aspergillus fumigatus bronchitis, diagnosed by fiberoptic bronchoscopy, with fungal growth completely occluding the left main bronchus leading to lung collapse and acute respiratory failure in a 60-year-old male...
Background: Compulsory vaccination of children against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was introduced in Italy in 1991. Patients and Methods: To evaluate the current importance of pediatric HBV infection, we studied 359 HBsAg-positive children admitted to 16 centers in Italy from 1991 to 1998. 185 patients were natives of Italy and 174 (39 immigrants and 135 adopted) came from highly endemic countries...
This report descibes the first dual microsporidial infection with Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in an HIV-positive patient. In view of clinical and epidemiological findings, our E. cuniculi isolate was deduced to be of the dog strain. The patients occupational involvement with dogs indicates that canines should be considered as a reservoir of human infections for both microsporidial...
Background:Chlamydia pneumoniae is a human respiratory pathogen that has recently been related to the genesis of symptomatic atherosclerosis. C. pneumoniae has been studied more widely in relation to coronary atherosclerosis than to peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). The present study aimed to retrospectively analyze the presence of C. pneumoniae DNA in patients with PAOD. Materials and...
Background: The early diagnosis of tuberculous (TB) meningitis remains difficult. In South Africa, the HIV epidemic has shifted the spectrum of meningitis towards chronic infections (mainly tuberculosis [TB] and cryptococcosis). This study aimed to analyse clinical, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and pathological findings and outcomes in TB meningitis to evaluate whether HIV infection significantly influences...
A 17-year-old boy presented with a severe form of an acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) with hemiparesis and coma after initial symptoms of a flu-like febrile infection 1 week previously. Titers against Mycoplasma pneumoniae were significantly increased in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Detection of M. pneumoniae was achieved in the initial CSF sample using M. pneumoniae-specific PCR...
Background:Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic microorganism, often highly resistant to routinely tested antibiotics. This microorganism is isolated in specimens from patients with nosocomial infections with increasing frequency. Patients and Methods: During a 1-year period (1998/1999) S. maltophilia was isolated from 137 specimens (0.26% of all investigated specimens) from 80 patients...
Background: In a study involving 200 patients, we previously found that 17.5% of patients developed viridans streptococcal 8VS) bacteremia following autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (aPBSCT) when ciprofloxacin or ciprofloxacin plus amipicillin was used for prophylaxis. Patients and Methods: A retrospective evaluation of 100 consecutive recipients of aPBSCT was conducted to ascertain...
The HIV protease inhibitor indinavir may cause nephrolithiasis and interstitial nephritis. The renal consequences of indinavir-associated nephrotoxicity are uncertain. We report a case of papillary necrosis in a patient treated with indinavir. An asymptomatic HIV-infected woman experienced right-sided renal colicky pain during treatment with indinavir. She passed a non-solid stone and continued indinavir...
Background: Peroperative prophylaxis is recommended to be administered intravenously which, compared to oral prophylaxis, is more expensive. However, pharmacokinetic data on oral perioperative prophylaxis in patients with preoperative surgical and anesthesiological preparation are not available. Patients and Methods: 40 patients with open hernial repair or cholecystectomy (low-risk group), colonic...
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