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There is a high risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the elderly population. The demand for intensive care unit (ICU) admission from older patients is rising, and with it community and hospital acquired AKI are becoming more frequent. Several age-related changes render elderly patients prone to AKI development. The most frequent aetiologies for renal impairment in these patients are recent surgery,...
Summary Background γ-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is an endogenous metabolite and a precursor of the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid. In some European countries GHB is also used as an anaesthetic agent and in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. The purpose of the present study was to determine GHB concentrations in urine to enable discrimination between endogenous GHB and exogenous GHB derived...
Summary Mutated genes, misfolded proteins and pathogenic viruses or bacteria can lead to cell malfunction or miscommunication at the nanoscale level. These molecules and infectious agents are nanometer in size and may be present in biological systems that are protected by nanometers-sized barriers. The chemical and physical properties of nanoparticles appear to govern the transport of molecules to...
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