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This note introduces the types of models used in functional morphological research in order to clarify certain semantic issues and to present some examples of the use of extant model species to contribute to our understanding of bipedal locomotion. The existing models fall into two broad categories: “abstraction models” are simplifications/abstractions of living organisms, whereas “comparative models”...
For a long time, humans (genus Homo) were thought to be the only mammalian species capable of dextrous manual grasping. However, grasping is widespread among tetrapods, and among primates, it is associated with a wide range of morphological, dietary and locomotor variation. From an evolutionary perspective, this prompts several questions: is the origin and evolution of grasping in primates derived...
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