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Large-scale land reclamation, agricultural activities, and unsustainable practices in agricultural production have caused a lot of damage to natural wetlands in the Amur River Basin since the foundation of the People’s Republic of China. We studied several factors to address the conflicts between agricultural development and natural wetland conservation. We also investigated the effects of canalization,...
Indonesia’s peatlands have been subject to extensive deforestation and degradation resulting from logging, drainage, fires and conversion to other land uses. A number of restoration initiatives have been attempted to address this degradation yet, to date, there has been little coherent or rigorous reflection on the effectiveness of these interventions. This paper examines the barriers to peatland...
Wetland plants are subject to a range of physical stresses (e.g. inundation, salinity) that affect their productivity or health, which in turn may translate into wetland soils that vary in resistance to physical perturbations in the coastal setting. A primary goal of this study was to test a newly developed instrument designed to measure in-situ resistance to shear failure (soil strength) of marsh...
The extensive loss of tidal marsh habitat surrounding the San Francisco Bay has led to numerous restoration projects to restore ecosystem function. Native cordgrass (Spartina foliosa) is important for sediment accumulation and nesting habitat for endangered California Ridgway’s Rail (Rallus obsoletus obsoletus), and because salt marshes are typically nitrogen-limited ecosystems, previous restoration...
Exotic species can affect food webs and cause cascading effects on ecosystem functioning. The exotic cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora, is an increasing threat to mangrove forests in eastern Asia. However, limited knowledge is available about the effects of S. alterniflora on the diet of macrobenthic fauna and food webs in mangrove wetlands. The stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes of primary producers...
As a result of water-level regulation, cattails have invaded sedge/grass meadow in all wetlands on Lake Ontario. Even with a change in water-level-regulation to a more natural hydrologic regime, restoration requires methods for active cattail management without the ability to manipulate water depths and without imperiling other vegetation. We conducted replicated studies at a wetland site with an...
Approximately 95% of nearly 4 million acres of wetlands located in Iowa’s portion of the Prairie Pothole Region (Des Moines Landform Region) are currently drained and farmed for row crop agriculture. Many of these wetland basins are too wet to produce consistent crop yields and too dry to function as normal wetlands. Very little information currently exists that documents what, if any value, drained...
A fully integrated, physically-based model of a drained and farmed wetland complex in the Prairie Pothole Region of Iowa (termed Ellsworth #2) was developed to investigate hydrologic connectivity of surface and groundwater sources. The model is based on the code HydroGeoSphere, which solves surface and subsurface flow and the interaction between these domains. Physical processes governing the hydrologic...
Constructed wetlands (CWs) for wastewater treatment had drawn much attention for their additional function of conserving freshwater ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the macroinvertebrate biodiversity of two subsurface-flow and surface-flow hybrid CW systems (Qimei CW system (QCWS) and Kejiyuan CW system (KCWS)) under high and low pollutant stress in China. Nonmetric multidimensional...
Part 1 of this review synthesizes recent research on status and climate vulnerability of freshwater and saltwater wetlands, and their contribution to addressing climate change (carbon cycle, adaptation, resilience). Peatlands and vegetated coastal wetlands are among the most carbon rich sinks on the planet sequestering approximately as much carbon as do global forest ecosystems. Estimates of the consequences...
An understanding of the main controls on carbon accumulation in naturally saline peatlands can be useful for furthering peatland reclamation in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region where salinization complicates construction of sustainable peatland ecosystems. As such, the long-term apparent rate of carbon accumulation (LARCA) within a naturally saline fen situated near Fort McMurray, Alberta was studied...
Restoration of freshwater wetlands presents a potential water quality benefit via removal of nutrients, but complex and unresolved changes in nutrient cycling can occur following restoration. In this study, we evaluated N removal and release in a deltaic wetland under scenarios of hydrologic reconnection and sediment dredging, and we modeled potential downstream impacts of these restoration activities...
In the Rainwater Basin region of Nebraska, seeds produced by wetland plants are an important food source for waterfowl. Seed production estimates are used to set habitat management goals and evaluate management efforts. Most seed production estimates focus on one-time sampling during peak seed production, but it is unknown how well this captures the total production of wetland seeds throughout the...
Lake-level regulation alters wetland plant communities and their role in providing faunal habitat. Regulation plans have sometimes been changed to restore ecosystem function; however, few studies have shown the effects of such changes. In 2000, a new plan was implemented for regulation of Rainy Lake and Namakan Reservoir in northern Minnesota, USA. We had studied wetland plant communities under the...
Methane emission from wetlands is responsible for about 24% of the total CH4 emissions. The value of emission is a result of the balance between the processes of methane formation (methanogenesis) and sinks (methanotrophy). The methanotrophic activity from well-aerated soil surface layers has been relatively well recognized. On the contrary, the active role of plants in reduction of methane emission...
Ocypodid crabs inhabit intertidal sandy/muddy flats of tropical and sub-tropical mangroves. Iran has three species of the genus Austruca. In contrast to A. sindensis and A. lactea, almost nothing is known about the population dynamics and its driving factors in Austruca iranica. Thus, population ecology and reproductive biology of A. iranica were studied in relation to sediment temperature and rainfall...
The lateral transport of carbon has been increasingly recognized as an important component of carbon budget in wetlands. We studied a typical coastal salt marsh located at the estuary of the Yangtze River by measuring lateral transfer of macro-detritus carbon within a creek during each month’s largest spring tide period, and simultaneously, we measured the gross primary production (GPP) by the eddy...
Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems worldwide and are frequently described as the kidneys of the earth because of the wide range of environmental functions and ecological benefits. Assessments of wetland ecosystem health play an important role in the development of robust protection and use strategies for wetlands that integrate ecological and socio-economic aspects. In this study, the...
Wetlands are important sources of methane emission. Anaerobic oxidation, aerobic oxidation and production of methane as well as dissolved methane are important processes of methane metabolism. We studied methane metabolism and the soil influencing factors. Potential soil methane production, anaerobic oxidation and aerobic oxidation rates, and dissolved methane in soil porewater changed seasonally...
The Wetland Continuum is a conceptual framework that facilitates the interpretation of biological studies of wetland ecosystems. Recently summarized evidence documenting how a multi-decadal wet period has influenced aspects of wetland, lake and stream systems in the southern prairie-pothole region of North America has revealed the potential for wetlands to shift among alternate states. We propose...
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