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Constructed wetlands are recognized as a means to improve water quality through nitrogen (N) removal. Water-quality concerns in the N-sensitive Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina, USA, have necessitated enactment of a 30% reduction, in nitrogen (N) loading accompanied by an N loading cap. Open Grounds Farm (OGF) is an 18,220-ha row-crop farm located in the lower Neuse River Estuary. In 1999, a wetland...
Elaeagnus angustifolia (Russian olive) is an alien tree that is increasingly common in riparian habitats of western North America. This paper reviews the pertinent scientific literature in order to determine the status ofE. angustifolia as a riparian invader and to suggest ecological reasons for its success.Elaeagnus angustifolia meets the biogeographic, spread, and impact criteria for invasive species...
PlantingSpartina patens (Salt Meadow Cord Grass) is an integral part of restoring salt marshes along Tampa Bay, Florida, USA. Of the salt marsh species that are planted,S. patens often has the lowest survivorship. State managers have hypothesized that this low survivorship is related to transplant shock and to acidic soil conditions commonly found under dense stands ofCasuarina sp. (Australian Pine),...
The ability of coastal wetlands of the Laurentian Great Lakes to reduce pollution from tributaries has not been documented in detail or over multiple seasons. This study developed a surface-water budget for a coastal wetland along lake Erie and estimated monthly, annual, and storm-related exports of total suspended solids and selected nutrients from the wetland. Water-budget measurements included...
Irrigation practices may have adverse impact on aquatic ecosystems. Quantification of such impacts is possible only if a condition of an aquatic ecosystem is known before the impacts started. This study attempted to simulate the reference hydrologic regimes of three coastal lagoons in southern Sri Lanka, two of which are currently receiving return flows from upstream irrigation scheme. The lagoon...
Riparian wetlands have a demonstrated ability to filter and control nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) movement into streams and other bodies of water; few studies, however, have examined the roles that individual plant species serve in sequestering N and P pollutants. We evaluated the potential for growth and consequent N and P accumulation by five species of wetland perennials. We planted blocks consisting...
We investigated the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi on common cattails (Typha latifolia), a ubiquitous wetland plant species. The mycorrhizal relationship, which involves the exchange of fungal-acquired nutrients and plant-produced carbon, has been shown to elicit a range of physiological and biochemical responses in host plants. Growth, photosynthetic activity, biomass accumulation, and nutrition...
The frequency distributions of mire water pH are often bimodal in data sets covering the poorrich gradient in vegetation. Area-representative data sets of pH could indicate ecologically meaningful differences between regions, independent of differences in mire classification. Comparisons of pH results are, however, hindered by differences in water sampling methods. We conducted a field survey to assess...
Using minirhizotrons, fine root dynamics were compared in two Atlantic white-cedar swamps with contrasting hydroperiods (intermittently and persistently flooded) in order to evaluate the effects of flooding regime on fine root depth, abundance, production, and longevity. Despite the higher mean watertable depth in the persistently flooded, site, no differences in rooting depth were observed. Root...
We assessed whether peat mining intensity influences the use of bog ponds by green frogs (Rana clamitans). We selected 21 ponds in three areas undergoing different levels of peat mining: 1) mined (vegetation completely removed exposing bare peat, prsence of drainage ditches with little or no water), 2) in preparation to be mined (vegetation intact but presence of drainage ditches filled with water),...
Aquatic invertebrates are essential components of duckling diets, but little is known about temporal changes of invertebrate populations in different types of brood habitats. In spring and summer 1996 and 1997, we conducted searches for duck nests in upland fields in the Grasslands Ecological Area in California's Central Valley to determine timing of nest initiation and hatching. We also sampled aquatic...
Submerged macrophytes are important components of wetland ecosystems in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America, but factors influencing species abundance and community structure are poorly known. We sampled submerged macrophyte communities and habitat characteristics in 18 prairie wetlands for five years in order to 1) assess interspecific relationships between macrophyte species, 2) test for...
We studied a Great Lakes peatland protected by a barrier dune system to test the hypothesis that changes in the morphology of a barrier beach alter the wetland surface-water and ground-water hydrology such that the plant rooting zone in the wetland interior might be affected. Hydraulic head measured in observation wells located on transects perpendicular to a flow-through channel, uplands, and Lake...
Abtract This experiment tested the hypothesis that the movement of water into the soil due to macrophyte transpiration stimulates nitrate removal from wetlands. The short-term impacts of biomass harvesting upon the ability of wetlands to reduce nitrate concentrations were also investigated. Different amounts of biomass were harvested fromTypha latifolia specimens to create three treatments of varying...
Shrub cover was quantified by species for a 1.9-ha shrub carr adjacent to White Clay Lake near Shawano, WI, USA and related to soil properties and sedimentation rates. Principal components analysis of soil characteristics distinguished two distinct groups: alluvial surface soils having organic matter contents less than 30 g/100g and histic surface soils having organic matter contents averaging 56...
The age and sequence of peat accumulation were investigated at a calcareous fen in northeastern Illinois, USA. The purpose of this study was to identify the processes that form and sustain marl flats, which are areas of marl or tufa substrate within the fen that contain numerous rare plant species. Geomorphic, stratigraphic, and radiocarbon evidence was used to establish the processes and chronology...
A major obstacle to assessing functional equivalency of restored or created wetlands is the time needed to develop the functions of natural wetlands. We compared hydrologic, water-quality, and vegetation-composition functions of nine natural coastal plain ponds in the New Jersey Pinelands with those of four small, well-established excavated basins that are at least 50 years old. Our study revealed...
The common reed,Phragmites australis, is a common feature in wetlands across North America. Recent studies have suggested that the widespread invasions of this species may be due to the introduction of a non-native strain from EurAsia. Since native population types is needed to facilitate management of ulations are also found, a method for distinguishing population persist in many areas where introduced...
Although amphibians are increasingly being used to assess ecosystem function of compensatory wetlands, there are almost no long-term studies of responses to ecological restoration. Consequently, much uncertainty exists about the appropriate timeframes and best criteria for evaluating responses to wetland restoration. We studied aspects of pond colonization and long-term community dynamics in ponds...
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