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Background This paper provides an up-to-date review of the management and outcome of accidental hypothermia patients with and without cardiac arrest. Methods The authors reviewed the relevant literature in their specialist field. Summaries were merged, discussed and approved to produce this narrative review. Results The hospital use of minimally-invasive rewarming for non-arrested, otherwise healthy,...
Background Core body temperature is used to stage and guide the management of hypothermic patients, however obtaining accurate measurements of core temperature is challenging, especially in the pre-hospital context. The Swiss staging model for hypothermia uses clinical indicators to stage hypothermia. The proposed temperature range for clinical stage 1 is <35-32 °C (95-90 °F), for stage 2, <32-28 °C...
Rewarming from accidental hypothermia is often complicated by hypothermia-induced cardiac dysfunction, calling for immediate pharmacologic intervention. Studies show that although cardiac pharmacologic support is applied when rewarming these patients, a lack of updated treatment recommendations exist. Mainly due to lack of clinical and experimental data, neither of the international guidelines includes...
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