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“Zanclodon”arenaceus has been suggested to represent the oldest reliably dated phytosaur. The type and only specimen, a mandibular fragment of an archosaur from the Schilfsandstein (Carnian; Late Triassic) of Southwest Germany, is described in detail for the first time. “Z.”arenaceus is characterized by a great elongation of the mandible and symphysis, and labiolingually flattened, serrated teeth,...
Tooth replacement and implantation of Sauropterygia is described with special reference to the generaPlacodus andNothosaurus. Tooth replacement is horizontal, with the exception of the enlarged crushing tooth plates on the maxilla, palatine, and dentary ofPlacodus (placodonts), which are replaced vertically. Tooth implantation is thecodont, with variable ankylosis of the base of the root. Sauropterygia...
Kurzfassung Bisher waren die Misthodotida, ein monophyletisches Stammgruppentaxon der Ephemeroptera, nur aus dem Perm nachgewiesen.Thuringopteryx gimmi Kuhn, 1937, meist als eine Art der Odonatoptera, Palaeodictyoptera oder Saltatoria angesehen, ist jedoch ebenfalls ein Stammgruppenvertreter der Eintagsfliegen ähnlichMisthodotes. Sie stimmt mit den anderen Misthodotida in ihrem einästigen Cubitus...
Noriphyllia gen. n. is a distinctive coral representing the Coryphylliidae, a group of Late Triassic scleractinian corals. Coral faunas of this age are poorly known. The new coral is distinguished from related corals belonging to the reimaniphylliids by key features of septal microstructure as discerned in thin sections. This microstructure consists of a straight/wavy midseptal zone and lateral septal...
Scallops (Pectinidae) are a highly diverse bivalve family with a long evolutionary history, but insufficient knowledge on the internal shell characters of initial taxa has hampered clarification of their phylogenetic roots. Here, morphological details of the shell interior of the basal pectinid Pleuronectites laevigatus from the Middle Triassic are documented for the first time. It is shown that ligament...
This article is a taxonomic study of the radiolarian species of the superfamilies Eptingiacea and Saturnaliacea occurring in the middle Carnian fauna from the Köseyahya section, near the town of Elbistan, southeastern Turkey. This fauna is characteristic of the Tetraporobrachia haeckeli Radiolarian Zone as defined in Austria and later found also in Turkey and Oman. It comes from an 8 m thick succession...
Microconchid affinity of helically coiled tubes of Microconchus aberrans (Hohenstein, 1913) from the early Anisian of southern Germany is supported by an SEM study of shell structure. There are probable pseudopunctae in the shell of M. aberrans. Helically coiled and some substrate-cemented planispiral microconchids have similar microlamellar tube structures in the Triassic. The structure of the morphologically...
In this contribution, new specimens of the tritheledontid eucynodont Irajatherium hernandezi, from the Late Triassic (Caturrita Formation) of southern Brazil, are analyzed. The new material provides significant information about incisor count, canine size and shape, basicranial morphology, and other previously unknown aspects of skull and dentition. A cladistic analysis with inclusion of the new data...
A Triassic decapod crustacean is described here for the first time from the Norian-Rhaetian Ghalilah Formation of the Musandam Peninsula, United Arab Emirates. The single specimen Platykotta akaina n. gen n. sp. is referred to a new family Platykottidae. The studied crustacean, initially with only the ventral exposure preserved, was collected from shallow-water, burrowed limestones. Using a chemical...
Middle Triassic marine deposits of the Germanic Basin (Muschelkalk) record a significant proliferation of cementing bivalves from different families. Based on previously undescribed, excellently preserved material from the Willebadessen Member (late Anisian, Illyrian) of the Upper Muschelkalk Trochitenkalk Formation of Willebadessen (Germany), we propose the new genus Noetlingiconcha, type species...
The present article is a taxonomic study of all spongy spumellarian radiolarian taxa with three and four coplanar spines or spongy arms occurring in the middle Carnian from the Köseyahya section, near the town of Elbistan, SE Turkey. This fauna is characteristic of the Tetraporobrachia haeckeli radiolarian Zone, and comes from an 8 m thick succession of clayey-cherty limestones occurring at the lower...
A digital cranial endocast of the specimen UFRGS-PV-1043-T, Brasilitherium riograndensis, was obtained from high-resolution computed tomography (μCT) scan images. This taxon is a small cynodont from the Late Triassic of Brazil, and has been used as the sister-group of the mammaliaforms in cladistic analyses. The digital endocast of UFRGS-PV-1043-T is mostly complete, allowing the description and collection...
A marine fossil assemblage from the Late Triassic (Early Carnian) Cassian Formation is reported. It was retrieved by bulk sampling, including wet sieving and quantitative picking, and by quantitative surface collection. The collection consists of c. 460 specimens (foraminiferans not included) representing 54 species. In terms of abundance and species richness, it is strongly dominated by molluscs,...
Fossil Ginkgophyta are one of the most widely used indicators for estimating the paleoatmospheric CO2 levels from the Triassic to present day. There are quite a few CO2 estimates for the Triassic to Jurassic interval; however, the data from China are still limited. In this study, two fossil Ginkgoites species, Ginkgoites magnifolius Du Toit and Ginkgoites obrutschewii (Seward) Seward, are described...
The pseudoplanktonic driftwood-attached crinoids Traumatocrinus (late Ladinian—early Carnian) and Seirocrinus (Norian–Toarcian) are compared with their Middle Triassic benthic ancestors of the families Encrinidae and Holocrinidae, respectively. The morphological transformations allow five major adaptations of stalked crinoids for pseudoplanktonic life to be specified within the constraints of the...
Six fossil associations from 59 thin sections obtained out of 23 Cipit boulders of the Middle-Late Triassic St. Cassian Formation are described. Grouping and obtainment of these associations were performed considering all biomorpha and microbialites contained in the thin sections by means of cluster analysis in Q-mode using three algorithms and two indices. Further microfacial categories observed...
The Coburg Sandstone member of the Hassberge Formation, Middle Keuper, Carnian, Upper Triassic, in the Germanic Basin of Central Europe contains spinicaudatan branchiopods which considerably broaden the known spectrum and provide important data on the phylogenetic history and intercontinental correlation of this systematic group. The spinicaudatan fauna for this lithostratigraphic unit is described...
We describe four new fossil associations obtained from nine allochthonous blocks—the so-called Cipit boulders—on the basis of 23 thin sections. The samples were collected from the well-known Middle–Late Triassic St. Cassian Formation (NE Italy). These associations were determined by considering all biomorpha and microbialitic structures that were quantified and analyzed by performing Q-mode cluster...
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