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A revision of the neotropical genusParagynoxys of the Asteraceae (tribe Senecioneae) is presented. This group is a distinct entity characterized by a pachycaulous arborescent habit, homogamous discoid capitula, the presence of white corollas with limbs divided to the base, sagittate anthers, and style branches with enlarged conical tips. In the present treatment, 12 species are accepted. Descriptions...
Grindelia coronensis, a new species from the Meseta del Somuncura, Prov. Río Negro, Argentina, is described and illustrated. It is similar toG. chiloensis (Cornel.) Cabrera but it is readily distinguished by its leaves which are conspicuosly differentiated into a obovate blade and a long petiole.
A new species ofOryctina (Loranthaceae) from Guyana,O. atrolineata Kuijt is described and illustrated. It possesses one-flowered inflorescences, the flowers being hexamerous and each subtended by a bract and two minute bracteoles. A peculiarity of the style is a distinctive fusiform, subterminal swelling.Oryctina atrolineata is closely related, and similar to,O. myrsinites (Eichler) Kuijt.
Species of the anomalous-stemmed complex ofHeteropterys are revised after intensive fieldwork in eastern Brazil.Heteropterys patens (=H. anomala) is redefined, and three new species are described (H. admirabilis, H. imperata, andH. nordestina). In addition, this treatment provides brief synonymy, lectotypifications, illustrations, and comments for those four species, and a key to all taxa of the complex.
Agouticarpa, a new genus of the informalAlibertia group (Rubiaceae), is described and illustrated. It comprises six species, and occurs from Costa Rica to Bolivia. Three species are here described as new:Agouticarpa grandistipula, A. hirsuta, andA. velutina. Additionally, three new combinations are made:A. curvifolia andA. williamsii (previously inGenipa) andA. isernii (previously inAlibertia). Agouticarpa...
A third species of the until recently monotypic genusDistichochlamys (Zingiberaceae) is described from living and preserved material collected in northern Vietnam.Distichochlamys rubrostriata is distinguished from the original species,D. citrea, and the recently describedD. orlowii, on the basis of leaf, inflorescence bract, lateral staminode, and labellum characters.
Clibadium L. (Asteraceae, Heliantheae) is a genus of 29 species distributed throughout latin America, from Mexico to Peru, and in the West Indies, with high numbers of species in Costa Rica, Colombia, and Ecuador.Clibadium includes shrubs and small trees; usually with loosely aggregated capitula; herbaceous phyllaries arranged in 1–5 series; receptacles usually paleaceous throughout; corollas of...
Most systematists have favored placing Petrosaviaceae close to the Triuridaceae (formerly positioned within Alismatidae) by focusing on the mycoheterotrophic habit and nearly free carpels of Petrosaviaceae. Others have favored a position near the melanthioid lilies, perhaps serving as a linking-family to the Triuridaceae. We discuss the results of recently published, independent, and combined DNA...
Aiello, in a revision ofPortlandia and related genera, recognized two varieties inPortlandia coccinea Sw. based on leaf shape and geographic distribution. After detailed studies of herbarium specimens, recent observations of both varieties in their natural environment and in cultivation, and a phylogenetic analysis, it became evident thatP. coccinea var.proctorii Aiello should be treated as a separate...
Agave rzedowskiana is described and illustrated from the states of Sinaloa and Jalisco, Mexico. This species is a member of subgenusLittaea (Tagliabue) Baker “groupStriatae” of Baker. It is compared withA. petrophila García-Mend. & E. Martínez andA. dasylirioides Jacobi & Bouché.
Two new species of Nolinaceae are described and illustrated. The first is a ponytail palm,Beaucarnea compacta, occuring in xerophytic scrub in the Sierra Madre Oriental near Atarjea, Guanajuato. The second new species isCalibanus glassianus, adding the second species to the genusCalibanus. This new species is found in the transition between tropical deciduous forest to subontane scrub in the Sierra...
A new genus of Violaceae is described from Brazil.Hybanthopsis Paula-Souza, with a single species (H. bahiensis Paula-Souza), is endemic to caatingas of Bahia, Brazil, and is morphologically most similar toHybanthus, from which it differs by the fruit morphology and especially its peculiar seeds.
Eriotheca longitubulosa is a large, nocturnally flowering tree new to the Guianas. Floral morphology, daily phenological patterns, nectar concentration, and floral aroma were examined in order to infer pollinator type. The floral morphology and phenological data, while not necessarily typical in all features displayed by known hawkmoth-pollinated plants, suggest hawkmoth pollination by swing hovering...
An understanding of the phytogeographic history of a region depends upon an adequate fossil record to reveal migrational histories and the timing and directions(s) of introductions and extinctions, and to augment or circumvent undue reliance on molecular clocks. It further depends upon an accurate phylogeny of the taxa to establish real patterns of geographic affinities (phylogeography), and a relatively...
Morphological, isozyme, and cytological analyses of the small, pale-scaled polystichums from oakdominated montane rain forests in Costa Rica and Mexico reveal the presence of a separable undescribed species endemic to the Cordillera de Talamanca of Costa Rica. The new taxon,Polystichum lilianae, is an allotetraploid hypothesized to have the sympatricP. turrialbae as one diploid progenitor based on...
A taxonomic revision of the neotropical genusAsterogyne Hook. (Arecaceae: Arecoideae: Geonomeae) is presented. The genus is characterized by one autoapomorphic character, the separation of anther thecae by a bifid connective, and the combination of small to medium-sized stems, bifid simple leaf blades, floral pits in bud covered by a rounded upper lip that overlaps a lower lip, and pistillate flowers...
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