Journal of Labor Research

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How age discrimination in employment affects stockholders

Nancy D. Ursel, Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen

Journal of Labor Research > 2006 > 27 > 1 > 89-99

We analyze the impact on stock prices, and thus on stockholders, of 84 newspaper announcements regarding corporate age discrimination lawsuits. We find that, on average, initial announcements cause a 2 percent decline in stock price, a $40 million average loss in total stock value for the large firms charged. The stock price decreases are consistent with investor concerns about the firms’ ability...

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Post-graduate educational requirements and entry into the CPA profession

Robert E. Jackson

Journal of Labor Research > 2006 > 27 > 1 > 101-114

Forty-one states require educational requirements for CPA licensure to include 30 credit hours beyond the baccalaureate degree. This study, using state-level panel data of CPA examination pass rates, examines two hypothesized effects of this requirement: one, it improves the quality of new CPAs, and two, it restricts entry into the profession reducing the supply of potential CPAs. Empirical findings...

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Graduate student unions in the United States

Parbudyal Singh, Deborah M. Zinni, Anne F. MacLennan

Journal of Labor Research > 2006 > 27 > 1 > 55-73

Graduate student unions have been attracting considerable academic and practitioner attention recently, especially since the New York University decision in 2000. Given the declining fortunes of the union movement, it seems as if the academic sector has the potential of becoming a vital new organizing frontier. However, there is scant research on this issue. We trace the origins and evolution of graduate...

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Union loyalty antecedents: A justice perspective

Paula C Morrow, James C. McElroy

Journal of Labor Research > 2006 > 27 > 1 > 75-87

Using a justice perspective, this study investigates the relationship between union instrumentality and union loyalty in terms of union ability to address both outcome-based and process-based membership concerns. The results of hierarchical regression analysis using a sample of 451 train crew members from four railroads showed that member satisfaction with outcome-based concerns (i.e., pay, time spent...

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The 150-hour rule as a barrier to entering public accountancy

Charles G. Carpenter, E. Frank Stephenson

Journal of Labor Research > 2006 > 27 > 1 > 115-126

In many states, CPA licensure now requires 150 credit hours of college coursework thereby adding an extra semester or year of schooling beyond typical undergraduate degree requirements. Thus, the “150-hour rule” should increase the cost of becoming a CPA and, consequently, reduce the supply of new CPAs. We test this hypothesis using panel data on the number of first-time candidates for the CPA exam...

article

Book review

Robert C. Hoell, Hugh D. Hindman, Robert A. Lawson

Journal of Labor Research > 2006 > 27 > 1 > 127-133

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The relationship between inequality and labor market performance: Evidence from U.S. states

Mark D. Partridge

Journal of Labor Research > 2006 > 27 > 1 > 1-20

A central issue facing society is the equity/growth trade-off. Conventional economic theory suggests enhanced incentives associated with income inequality should increase growth, but at the expense of “fairness.” Recent theories challenge this notion by contending that inequality reduces human-capital investment and increases instability. Nevertheless, empirical evidence from U.S. states and across...

article

IR, Ire, and Mire: Kaufman on the fate of industrial relations

Daniel J. B. Mitchell

Journal of Labor Research > 2006 > 27 > 1 > 21-53

I thank Sanford M. Jacoby for helpful comments on an earlier draft. Bruce E. Kaufman provided a commentary on that draft as well disagreed with various points. I suggested he might want to write a formal reply, but he preferred simply to provide the comments, some of which are reflected in this version. I thank him also for his comments. Ultimately, opinions in this review are mine alone.

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Does “fighting back” make a difference? The case of the Canadian auto workers union

Jonathan Eaton, Anil Verma

Journal of Labor Research > 2006 > 27 > 2 > 187-212

Union revitalization requires mutually reinforcing efforts in organizing, political action, and collective bargaining. We examine the experience of the Canadian Auto Workers (CAW). In addition to membership growth, three bargaining outcomes are analyzed: (1) wage gains; (2) the ability to resist a trend towards longer duration collective agreements; and, (3) success in negotiating same-sex spousal...

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The use of alternative work arrangements by the jobless: Evidence from the CAEAS/CPS

John T. Addison, Christopher J. Surfield

Journal of Labor Research > 2006 > 27 > 2 > 149-162

Alternative work arrangements (AWAs), such as contracting, consulting, and temporary work, have been criticized as providing only atypical, even precarious, employment. Yet they may also allow workers to locate suitable job matches. Exploiting data from four Contingent and Alternative Employment Arrangement Supplements to the Current Population Survey, we investigate the initial job-finding strategies...

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Why does the new labor movement look so much like the old one? Putting the 1990s revitalization project in historical context

Andrew W. Martin

Journal of Labor Research > 2006 > 27 > 2 > 163-185

In the 1990s the labor movement underwent a major transformation in an attempt to confront the challenges facing organized labor, most notably a precipitous membership decline— in the private sector, membership is currently at a post-Great Depression low. Despite the enthusiastic response among unionists and scholars alike to this revitalization project, as Zald and Berger (1978) note, change within...

article

Distributive justice revisited: A reconceptualization and an empirical test

Patricia A. Simpson, Arup Varma

Journal of Labor Research > 2006 > 27 > 2 > 237-262

Research on distributive justice has classified allocative standards into three distinct categories: equity, need, and equality. We empirically test the notion that equality should be further divided into two distinct constructs: absolute and bounded equality, thus leading to four distinct categories of distributive justice. Using a sample of 240 individuals (119 managers and 121 union activists),...

article

Employment growth in high-tech new ventures

C. Timothy Koeller, Thomas G. Lechler

Journal of Labor Research > 2006 > 27 > 2 > 135-147

We specify and estimate a model of the early employment growth of technology-driven new ventures. Our estimated model is derived from labor demand theory. A data set of 100 German firms is used to conduct this analysis. The study’s findings support the relevance of the theory as applied to these nascent firms. Employment growth is significantly enhanced in ventures exhibiting high profits, experienced...

article

Correlates of satisfaction with performance appraisal feedback

I. M. Jawahar

Journal of Labor Research > 2006 > 27 > 2 > 213-236

The relative lack of research on employees’ reactions to performance appraisal feedback is the primary impetus for this study which advances this important, but neglected, research area by investigating potential predictors and consequences of satisfaction with appraisal feedback. Survey responses from 112 employees were matched with their performance ratings from two different appraisal periods to...

article

Sweatshops and third world living standards: Are the jobs worth the sweat?

Benjamin Powell, David Skarbek

Journal of Labor Research > 2006 > 27 > 2 > 263-274

Many studies have shown that multinational firms pay more than domestic firms in Third World countries. Economists who criticize sweatshops have responded that multinational firms’ wage data do not address whether sweatshop jobs are above average because many of these jobs are with domestic subcontractors. We compare apparel industry wages and the wages of individual firms accused of being sweatshops...

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No booze? You may lose: Why drinkers earn more money than nondrinkers

Bethany L. Peters, Edward Stringham

Journal of Labor Research > 2006 > 27 > 3 > 411-421

A number of theorists assume that drinking has harmful economic effects, but data show that drinking and earnings are positively correlated. We hypothesize that drinking leads to higher earnings by increasing social capital. If drinkers have larger social networks, their earnings should increase. Examining the Gen-eral Social Survey, we find that selfreported drinkers earn 1014 percent more than abstainers,...

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Challenges and opportunities of business process outsourcing in India

Anju Mehta, Achilles Armenakis, Nikhil Mehta, Feruzan Irani

Journal of Labor Research > 2006 > 27 > 3 > 323-338

We identify managerial challenges and opportunities faced by business process outsourcing (BPO) firms in India by interviewing 28 executives in lower (n = 10), middle (n = 11), and upper management (n = 7) in 15 BPO firms. Content analysis of the responses revealed human resources and organizationrelated challenges as the most critical issues. SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportu-nities, Threats)...

article

One nation, underprivileged:Why American poverty affects us all

Carolyn J. Heinrich

Journal of Labor Research > 2006 > 27 > 3 > 437-440

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Employment equity and affirmative action:An international comparison

Stephen J. K. Walters

Journal of Labor Research > 2006 > 27 > 3 > 435-437

article

The unexpected impact of health on the labor supply of the oldest Americans

Carole A. Green

Journal of Labor Research > 2006 > 27 > 3 > 361-379

Since many workers who retire early do so because of health considerations, one would think that those who continue to work after the traditional retirement age of 65 enjoy good health. By extension, it seems obvious that the elderly who spend the most time working for pay would be in the best health. However, at a time when many in this age group rely on expensive Pharmaceuticals not covered by Medicare,...

INFONA - science communication portal

Journal of Labor Research

How age discrimination in employment affects stockholders

Post-graduate educational requirements and entry into the CPA profession

Graduate student unions in the United States

Union loyalty antecedents: A justice perspective

The 150-hour rule as a barrier to entering public accountancy

Book review

The relationship between inequality and labor market performance: Evidence from U.S. states

IR, Ire, and Mire: Kaufman on the fate of industrial relations

Does “fighting back” make a difference? The case of the Canadian auto workers union

The use of alternative work arrangements by the jobless: Evidence from the CAEAS/CPS

Why does the new labor movement look so much like the old one? Putting the 1990s revitalization project in historical context

Distributive justice revisited: A reconceptualization and an empirical test

Employment growth in high-tech new ventures

Correlates of satisfaction with performance appraisal feedback

Sweatshops and third world living standards: Are the jobs worth the sweat?

No booze? You may lose: Why drinkers earn more money than nondrinkers

Challenges and opportunities of business process outsourcing in India

One nation, underprivileged:Why American poverty affects us all

Employment equity and affirmative action:An international comparison

The unexpected impact of health on the labor supply of the oldest Americans

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