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Current research on the development of new medical treatments of erectile dysfunction (ED) fall essentially into two main types of approaches: (1) the traditional strategy based on compounds acting to induce an erection on demand, without modifying the underlying pathologic alterations that lead to ED; and (2) more novel agents not inducing an erectile response but aiming for a long-term correction...
The prevalence of hypogonadism and erectile dysfunction (ED) increases with age. Hypogonadism also is frequently associated with decreased libido and ED. Testosterone replacement therapy for hypogonadal ED is effective in restoring sexual desire and erectile function, especially in younger and healthy men. It appears to be less effective in older men with comorbid diseases that may cause ED. Therapy...
There are two ways to establish that androgens play a major role in the function and integrity of erectile tissue: (1) discussing a number of physiology and molecular biology studies that have been published from experiments in animals and (2) reporting the effect of androgens on penile tissue, or in many cases the lack of androgen, in man. A variety of animal models, and also human studies, have...
Sex differences in cardiac function have been identified. Studies suggest that the presence of testosterone in males may contribute to the observed differences in cardiac function. Our laboratory has shown previously that testosterone treatment of gonadectomized adult male rats enhances contractility of isolated rat ventricular myocytes. In this study we tested the hypothesis that gonadectomy and...
C2C12 myoblasts expressing the androgen receptor (AR) were used to analyze the role of androgen-AR signaling pathway in skeletal muscle development. Marked up-regulation of AR expression was observed in differentiated myotubes. A nuclear run-on transcription assay demonstrated that transcription of the AR gene is increased during skeletal muscle cell differentiation. Regulation of skeletal muscle-specific...
Sex steroids modify sexual behavior and autonomic function. The gradual decline in circulating levels is correlated with several diseases in humans and animals. However, little is known about age-related changes that occur in the availability of these steroids. In the current studies, we characterized age-related changes in (1) circulating levels of estradiol (females) or testosterone (males), (2)...
It has been proposed that a global decline in sperm counts, semen quality, and several male reproductive disorders are associated with exposure to environmental chemicals. Thus, the present study examined the effects of two estrogenic chemicals, octylphenol (OP) and bisphenol A (BPA), on epididymal sperm counts and sperm motility, luteinizing hormone (LH)-releasing hormone (LHRH)-stimulated plasma...
Chronic inflammatory disease and acute infection are well known to inhibit gonadal steroidogenesis. Previous studies have demonstrated that immune activation in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) results in reductions in serum testosterone, and this is a direct effect on the Leydig cell. We hypothesize that during the early onset of LPS endotoxemia in vivo, testicular macrophages produce reactive...
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