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Acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) (EC 2,3,1.26) in the yolk sac membrane of chicken eggs plays an important role in the transport of lipids, which serve as both structural components and as an energy source during embryogenesis. ACAT from the yolk sac membrane of chicken eggs 16 d after fertilization has higher activity and better stability than its mammalian liver counterpart. During our...
We developed an oleic acid oil-in-water (o/w)-type emulsion of a new tacrolimus formulation that presented an improvement in the delivery of the drug for oral absorption. This investigation was undertaken to assess a sustained release drug delivery system and selective drug transfer into the lymphatic system. The whole blood concentration profiles after oral administration at a dose of 2mg/kg and...
We investigated the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) preparations, which were enriched for the cis-9,trans-11 CLA isomer or the trans-10,cis-12 CLA isomer, on body composition in mice. Body composition changes (reduced body fat, enhanced body water, enhanced body protein, and enhanced body ash) were associated with feeding the trans-10,cis-12 CLA isomer. In cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes, the...
We prepared model Schiff bases from 2-[9-oxo]nonanoyl glycerol (2-MAG-ALD) and various amino compounds. 2-MAG-ALD was obtained by pancreatic lipase hydrolysis of trioleoyl glycerol and reductive ozonolysis of the resulting 2-monooleoyl glycerol. The reaction products were purified by thin-layer chromatography. Schiff bases were synthesized in greater than 50% yield by reacting 2-MAG-ALD with twofold...
Two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, 8-wk-old mice were fed control diet or diet supplemented with 0.5% conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) to study the effect of CLA on body composition (CLA: 40.8–41.1% c-9,t-11 isomer, 43.5–44.9% t-10,c-12 isomer). The data for CLA-fed mice vs. controls described parallel but significantly distinct responses for both absolute and relative changes in body...
As a first step in evaluating the significance of our recently developed method of monitoring the kinetics of copper-induced oxidation in unfractionated serum, we recorded the kinetics of lipid oxidation in the sera of 62 hyperlipidemic patients and analyzed the correlation between oxidation and lipid composition of the sera [high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL)...
Alpine marmots (Marmota marmota) were maintained on a laboratory diet, and the fatty acid composition of gonadal and subcutaneous whilte adipose tissues (WAT) was studied during a yearly cycle. Fatty acids (FA) released from isolated adipocytes were also identified after stimulation of in vitro lipolysis. Analysis of the FA composition of WAT depots showed that marmot WAT mainly contained monounsaturated...
The effects on bile acid and sterol transformation of clostridia (fusiform bacteria), the dominant intestinal bacteria in rodents (ca. 1010 counts per g wet feces) were examined in Wistar rats. After inoculation of clostridia into germ-free rats and into rats previously inoculated solely with Escherichia coli, most of the endogenous bile acids were deconjugated, and cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic...
Major advances in understanding cholesterol dynamics and the role that cholesterol plays in vascular disease have recently been made. The brain is an organ that is highly enriched in cholesterol, but progress toward understanding brain cholesterol dynamics has been relatively limited. This review examines recent contributions to the understanding of brain cholesterol dynamics, focusing on extracellular...
The emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) is an Antarctic seabird feeding mainly on fish and therefore has a high dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The yolk is accumulated in the developing oocyte while the females are fasting, and a large proportion of the fatty acid components of the yolk lipids are derived by mobilization from the female's adipose tissue. The fatty acid composition...
Simple and efficient methods for the synthesis of lipidic amino alcohols and diamines are described in this paper. Lipidic 2-amino alcohols and 1,3-diamines can be synthesized starting from synthetic lipidic α-amino acids. Alternatively, commercially available lipidic 1,2-diols may be used as starting material for the synthesis of 2-amino alcohols. Initial experiments on the in vivo antiinflammatory...
Evidence suggests that differences in fatty acid composition among various fish species may be due to differences in diet or to environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, and depth at which the fish are caught. The beneficial effects of a diet containing fish on cardiovascular or other diseases have been associated with their high content of eicosapentaenoic (20∶5n-3) and docosahexaenoic...
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