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As chronic consumption of a diet devoid of n-3 fatty acid induced modification of neurotransmission pathways in the frontal cortex of rats, plasmalogen alteration could occur in this area. Because of the propensity to facilitate membrane fusion, plasmenylethanolamine (PmE), a major plasmalogen of brain, may be involved in synaptic transmission. Female rats were fed diet containing peanut oil [(n-3)-deficient...
Procedures for structural analysis of fatty acids are reviewed. The emphasis is on methods that involve gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and, in particular, the use of picolinyl ester and dimethyloxazoline derivatives. These should be considered as complementing each other, not simply as alternatives. However, additional derivatization procedures can be of value, including hydrogenation and deuteration,...
Owing to increasing evidence showing the importance of lipid peroxidation in oxidative stress in vivo, the role and evaluation of antioxidants have received much attention. Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE), well-known as an efficient drug against diseases induced by free radicals, has been suggested to exert its effect by antioxidant action. A method was established to determine the activity of GBE as...
The protective role of selenium (Se), given as a Se-rich yeast, selenomethionine or selenomethionine+vitamin E supplement, toward changes in lipid, peroxide, and fatty acid distribution in tissues of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, was investigated, after 24 wk of disease. Diabetes increased liver thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and conjugated dienes; Se supplement completely corrected...
We tested the hypothesis that aggregated lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is avidly taken up by macrophages. Lp(a) was isolated by sequential centrifugations and gel chromatography from a patient with high plasma levels of Lp(a) who was being treated with low density lipoprotein (LDL)-apheresis. Aggregated Lp(a) was prepared by mixing native Lp(a) with 2.5 mmol/L CaCl2, and 54% of the 125I-Lp(a) aggregated...
The previous studies showed that dietary 18∶2 c,t isomers could be chain-elongated and desaturated to produce unusual 20∶4 isomers. The present study was undertaken to determine the minimal amount of 18∶2n−6 required to suppress the chain elongation and desaturation of 18∶2 c,t isomers in the lactating and neonatal rats when animals were fed 15% partially hydrogenated canola oil diet containing 1...
An extracellular lipase, active on water-insoluble triacylglycerols, has been isolated from Penicillium cyclopium. The purified enzyme has a molecular mass of 29 kDa by gel filtration and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It hydrolyzes emulsions of tributyrin, trioctanoin, and olive oil at the same rate as pancreatic lipase and shows very low activity against partial acylglycerols (monooctanoin...
This study evaluated the effects of conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) on tissue fatty acid composition and ex vivo prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in rats given diets varying in n-6 and n-3 fatty acids. Four groups of rats were given a basal semipurified diet (AIN-93G) containing 70 g/kg of added fat for 42 d. The fat treatments were formulated to contain CLA (0 vs. 10 g/kg of diet) and n-6 (soybean...
Seeds of oat (Avena sativa L.) were recently shown to contain significant quantities of a new hydroxy acid, (15R)-hydroxy-(9Z)-(12Z)-octadecadienoic acid (trivial name, avenoleic acid). In the present work, avenoleate was found to be mainly (63%) localized in the glycolipid fraction of oat seed lipids. Fractionation of the glycolipids by thin-layer chromatography and reversed-phase high-performance...
The influence of various dietary marine oils and olive oil on fatty acid composition of serum and platelets and effects on platelets and serum lipids were investigated as part of an extensive study of the effects of these oils on parameters associated with cardiovascular/thrombotic diseases. Healthy volunteers (266) consumed 15 mL/d of cod liver oil (CLO); whale blubber oil (refined or unrefined);...
l-Cycloserine has been shown specifically to lower brain cerebroside levels in vivo, but the extent to which the decrease in whole brain cerebroside content reflects lower myelin cerebroside levels is not known since a substantial portion of cerebroside is found in nonmyelin membranes. The present report demonstrates that chronically administered cycloserine lowers the proportion of cerebroside in...
Mitochondrial outer membranes were prepared from livers of rats that were in the normal fed state, starved for 48 h, or made diabetic by injection of streptozotocin. Membranes were also prepared from starved late-pregnant rats. The latter three conditions have previously been shown to induce varying degrees of desensitization of mitochondrial overt carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT I) to malonyl-CoA...
Arachidonic acid (AA) in the diet can be efficiently absorbed and incorporated into tissue membranes, resulting in an increased production of thromboxane A2 by platelets and increased ex vivo platelet aggregability. Results from previous studies have shown that AA is concentrated in the membrane phospholipids of lean meats. However, the concentration of AA in the visible fat portion of meats also...
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