Ionics
With a view to developing a new proton conducting solid electrolyte usable at more elevated temperatures, the proton conduction in α-alumina was examined by reviewing the historical literatures and our recent works. It was clarified that acceptor-doped α-alumina had the possibility to exhibit a certain amount of proton conduction when hydrogen or water vapor was contained in the surrounding. In the...
To understand and engineer applications for mixed conducting oxides, it is desirable to have explicit, analytical expressions for the functional dependence of defect concentration and transport properties on the partial pressure of the external gas phase. To fulfill this need, general expressions are derived for the functional dependence of defect concentration on the oxygen partial pressure ( ...
Six $$ {\text{La}}_{{0.4}} {\text{Ca}}_{{0.5}} {\text{Ti}}_{{0.5}} {\text{Cr}}_{{0.4}} {\text{M}}_{{0.1}} {\text{O}}_{{3 - \delta }} $$ (M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) and two $$ {\text{La}}_{{0.4}} {\text{Ca}}_{{0.4}} {\text{Ti}}_{{0.4}} {\text{Cr}}_{{0.4}} {\text{M}}_{{0.2}} {\text{O}}_{{3 - \delta }} $$ (M = Ni, Cu) single-phase compositions were prepared by conventional solid-state reactions...
Gel polymer polymer membranes, prepared by immobilizing lithium-conducting solutions in a polymer matrix, are promising electrolyte materials for promoting the advancement of the lithium battery technology. However, so far, not much attention has been devoted to the definition of the role of the constituents in determining the properties of these electrolytes. In this work we have examined the characteristics...
Electrochromic (EC) devices, capable of modulating their optical transmittance by charge insertion/extraction, were produced by laminating films comprised of nanoporous W oxide and Ni–V oxide by a polymer electrolyte and having this three-layer stack between transparent conducting In2O3:Sn films backed by polyester foils. 1/f noise in the current (I) was observed when the charged (colored) EC device...
Electrochemical titration and X-ray diffraction experiments have been performed on the reaction of lithium with arsenopyrite, FeAsS. The results obtained on this quaternary system have been interpreted in terms of the Li-Fe-As-S composition tetrahedron. It was found that 1.8 mol of Li can reversibly react rapidly at a potential of 1.75 V vs pure lithium. Two additional plateaus were found at 0.95...
Chemical sensors based on zirconia solid electrolyte are widely used in cars for control of air/fuel ratio. Their application is based on the sharp change of electromotive force (emf) at the stoichiometric point (lambda λ = 1). On the basis of experimental measurements of electrical input into the sensor heater and emf’s at selected temperatures under controlled conditions, a heat transfer model has...
Several modifications of the faradaic efficiency and electromagnetic field (EMF) methods, taking electrode polarisation resistance into account, were considered based on the analysis of ion transport numbers and p-type electronic conductivity of $$ {\left( {{\text{La}}_{{0.9}} {\text{Sr}}_{{0.1}} } \right)}_{{0.98}} {\text{Ga}}_{{0.8}} {\text{Mg}}_{{0.2}} {\text{O}}_{{3 - \delta }} $$ ceramics...
Solid polymer electrolyte films based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) complexed with sodium iodide (NaI) were prepared using solution cast technique. The structural properties of pure and complexed PVA polymer electrolyte films were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The XRD results revealed that the amorphous domains of PVA polymer matrix was increased with the increase in NaI salt concentration...
Lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB) salt-based nanocomposite gel polymer blend electrolyte (PVdF/PVC) membranes have been prepared by solution casting technique for various concentrations of TiO2. The effect of anatase structure of nanosized titanium dioxide in the plasticized PVC/PVdF + LiBOB matrix has been observed in the 2:1 salt filler ratio in the impedance measurements that the conductivity...
Composite electrolytes are well-known multiphase systems and exhibit maxima in the conductivity at certain second-phase concentration. An attempt has been made to investigate a number of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4)-based composite systems. The dispersoids that have been used are MgO, Al2O3, and SiO2. The samples have been characterized using impedance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and differential...
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based proton conducting polymer electrolytes have been prepared by the solution cast technique. The conductivity is observed to increase from 10−9 to 10−4 S cm−1 as a result of orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4) addition. The plot of conductivity vs temperature shows that a phase transition occurred at 343 K in the sample PVA-33 wt% H3PO4. The β-relaxation peak is observed at 313...
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was employed to study electrochemical behaviors during Li-ion insertion into rice husk carbon. The impedance spectra consist of two depressed semicircles in the high and middle range frequency and an incline line at low frequency. The impedance spectra, obtained in the potential range 2.0 to 0.005 V were analyzed with an equivalent circuit model. Kinetic...
Proton-conducting polymer complex electrolytes were prepared by incorporation of boric acid, H3BO3 into poly(vinylalcohol), PVA, to form hydrated PVAxH3BO3 where x denotes the number of moles of boric acid per polymer repeat unit. The dried materials were characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and X-ray diffraction. The proton conductivity of the hydrated complex...
Thin films of ZnSe and PEO–chitosan blend polymer doped with NH4I and iodine crystals were prepared to form the two sides of a semiconductor electrolyte junction. ZnSe was electrodeposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) conducting glass. The polymer is a blend of 50 wt% chitosan and 50 wt% polyethylene oxide. The polymer blend was complexed with ammonium iodide (NH4I), and some iodine crystals were added...
Polymer electrolytes containing epoxidised natural rubber (ENR50)/poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) blend as a polymer host, a solvent mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC) as a plasticizer, and lithium imide, LiN (CF3SO2)2, as a salt were studied. Polymer electrolytes that were obtained by solvent cast yielded solid dry rubbery films with a thickness range of 110–125 μm. Impedance...
The stoichiometry range and lithium ion conductivity of Li5+x Ba x La3−x Ta2O12 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 1.25, 1.50, 1.75, 2.00) with garnet-like structure were studied. The powder X-ray diffraction data of Li5+x Ba x La3−x Ta2O12 indicated that single phase oxides with garnet-like structure exist over the compositional range 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.25; while for x = 1.5, 1.75 and 2.00, the presence of second...
In this present investigation, we describe the steady state current voltage (I–V) characteristic of Crystal violet dye dispersed solid state photoelectrochemical cell (PEC). Typical behavior of dark current-voltage characteristic by increasing and decreasing external bias voltage has a similar form like hysterisis in nature. Although we have already observed this hysterisis nature in case of both...
The electrochemical behavior of the sulfur composite cathode material for rechargeable lithium batteries and the characteristic of the polyacrylonitrile precursor were investigated. The samples of different polyacrylonitrile precursors were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, nuclear magnetic response, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, and differential scanning calorimetry. The electrochemical...