Forensic Toxicology

Items from 1 to 20 out of 20 results

article

[1-(Tetrahydropyran-4-ylmethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]-(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone: a new synthetic cannabinoid identified on the drug market

Dariusz Zuba, Bogna Geppert, Karolina Sekuła, Czesław Żaba

Forensic Toxicology > 2013 > 31 > 2 > 281-291

A new synthetic cannabinoid, [1-(tetrahydropyran-4-ylmethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]-(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone, was identified in several resinous samples seized by law enforcement officers in Poland. Its identification was based on liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–quadrupole time-of-flight–mass spectrometry, gas chromatography–electron ionization–mass spectrometry, one-dimensional...

article

Sequential extraction of amphetamines, opiates, and 11-nor-Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid from a limited volume of urine using a monolithic silica spin column coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Akira Namera, Takeshi Saito, Shota Miyazaki, Shigenori Ohta, more

Forensic Toxicology > 2013 > 31 > 2 > 312-321

A method for sequential extraction of amphetamines (AMPs), opiates (OPIs), and 11-nor-Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THC-COOH) from a limited volume of urine was developed. The method used two different spin columns packed with octadecyl (C₁₈) and mixed-mode C₁₈-strong anion exchange (SAX)-bonded monolithic silica for extraction before analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)...

article

Mass spectrometric differentiation of the isomers of mono-methoxyethylamphetamines and mono-methoxydimethylamphetamines by GC–EI–MS–MS

Kei Zaitsu, Haruhiko Miyagawa, Yuki Sakamoto, Shuntaro Matsuta, more

Forensic Toxicology > 2013 > 31 > 2 > 292-300

Mass spectrometric differentiation of the six isomers of mono-methoxyethylamphetamines (MeO-EAs) and mono-methoxydimethylamphetamines (MeO-DMAs) by gas chromatography–electron ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (GC–EI–MS–MS) was investigated. Based on their EI-mass spectra, the fragment ions at m/z 121 and 72 were selected as precursor ions for their regioisomeric and structurally isomeric differentiation,...

article

SPME–GC–MS analysis of α-pyrrolidinovaleorophenone in blood in a fatal poisoning case

Takeshi Saito, Akira Namera, Motoki Osawa, Hiromichi Aoki, more

Forensic Toxicology > 2013 > 31 > 2 > 328-332

We provided toxicological analytical support for a fatal case of abuse of α-pyrrolidinovaleorophenone (α-PVP). Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and capillary gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was employed to quantify the drug in whole blood. The whole blood concentration of the drug in the heart was 486 ng/ml. This is the first report of α-PVP intoxication as ascertained by...

article

Does duration of wearing a disposable diaper in newborns influence testing for methamphetamine from urine absorbed in the diaper when using conventional immunoassay devices?

Tomomi Shiotsuki, Fumio Moriya

Forensic Toxicology > 2013 > 31 > 2 > 344-346

article

A simple and rapid chemiluminescence assay for on-site analysis of paraquat using a portable luminometer

Naoya Kishikawa, Sho Higuchi, Kaname Ohyama, Kenichiro Nakashima, more

Forensic Toxicology > 2013 > 31 > 2 > 301-306

Paraquat (N,N′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride) is one of the most widely used herbicides owing to its high efficacy and low environmental persistence. However, because paraquat has significant acute toxicity, fatalities are often caused by accidental or voluntary ingestion of paraquat. In consideration of the strong toxicity and fast-acting property of paraquat, on-site analysis at accident...

article

A fatal case of MAM-2201 poisoning

Takeshi Saito, Akira Namera, Naoya Miura, Shigenori Ohta, more

Forensic Toxicology > 2013 > 31 > 2 > 333-337

A 59-year-old man was found dead in his house, where three sachets containing herbal blends were found on a table. The sachet contents were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and found to contain [1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indol-3-yl](4-methyl-1-naphthalenyl)methanone (MAM-2201). The deceased was subjected to forensic autopsy. There were neither external injuries nor endogenous diseases...

article

Validated liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method for the quantitation of N-substituted derivatives of 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine in rat urine

Maria Nieddu, Lucia Burrai, Maria Antonietta Pirisi, Antonio Carta, more

Forensic Toxicology > 2013 > 31 > 2 > 204-211

3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamines (MDAs) are central nervous system stimulants that are widely diffusing into the illegal market. Their identification is often difficult because of the high structural variety of new compounds. We describe a method for identifying and quantitating four MDAs in rat urine; three of them are new designer drugs: 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-isopropylamphetamine (MDIP), 3,4-methylenedioxy-...

article

Human brain microsomes: their abilities to metabolize tetrahydrocannabinols and cannabinol

Kazuhito Watanabe, Misa Miyamoto, Satoshi Yamaori, Koutaro Hasegawa, more

Forensic Toxicology > 2013 > 31 > 2 > 307-311

In spite of the psychedelic action of Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ⁹-THC) in the brain, no report on its metabolism by human brain microsomes has been published. In this study, the metabolism of Δ⁸-THC, Δ⁹-THC and cannabinol (CBN) was studied using human brain microsomes. The metabolites formed were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry after trimethylsilylation. The three cannabinoids were...

article

Differentiation of regioisomeric fluoroamphetamine analogs by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Yukiko Nakazono, Kenji Tsujikawa, Kenji Kuwayama, Tatsuyuki Kanamori, more

Forensic Toxicology > 2013 > 31 > 2 > 241-250

In recent years, a large number of clandestinely produced controlled-substance analogs (designer drugs) of amphetamine with high structural variety have been detected in forensic samples. Analytical differentiation of regioisomers is a significant issue in forensic drug analysis because, in most cases, legal controls are placed only on one or two of the three isomers. In this study, we used gas chromatography–mass...

article

Determination of ibotenic acid and muscimol, the Amanita mushroom toxins, in human serum by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Koutaro Hasegawa, Kunio Gonmori, Hiroki Fujita, Yoshito Kamijo, more

Forensic Toxicology > 2013 > 31 > 2 > 322-327

In our previous article, we reported the analysis of ibotenic acid and muscimol in Amanita mushrooms by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS–MS). The levels of ibotenic acid and muscimol in the mushroom were as high as 210 and 107 μg/g, respectively. We have since tried to measure the same toxins in human serum obtained from a poisoned subject, who ingested the Amanita mushrooms,...

article

A fatal case of 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone poisoning: coexistence of α-pyrrolidinobutiophenone and α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone in blood and/or hair

Akira Namera, Shumari Urabe, Takeshi Saito, Aiko Torikoshi-Hatano, more

Forensic Toxicology > 2013 > 31 > 2 > 338-343

We report a fatal case of 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) poisoning. A 35-year-old woman was taken to a nearby hospital after she was found unconscious. MDPV (1,200 ng/ml) and α-pyrrolidinobutiophenone (α-PBP; 200 ng/ml) were detected in her cardiac blood. Hair segments from the victim were also analyzed to confirm chronic drug use. MDPV and α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (α-PVP) were found in many...

article

Characterization of the designer benzodiazepine pyrazolam and its detectability in human serum and urine

Bjoern Moosmann, Melanie Hutter, Laura M. Huppertz, Sascha Ferlaino, more

Forensic Toxicology > 2013 > 31 > 2 > 263-271

In 2012, online shops selling so-called research chemicals started offering pyrazolam, a new benzodiazepine that differs from phenazepam and etizolam, which have also recently appeared on the “gray market”, in that it is not marketed by pharmaceutical companies anywhere in the world. This article describes the characterization of pyrazolam (8-bromo-1-methyl-6-pyridin-2-yl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3–a][1,...

article

Identification of a new synthetic cannabinoid in a herbal mixture: 1-butyl-3-(2-methoxybenzoyl)indole

Yujin Park, Chul Lee, Heesang Lee, Jaesung Pyo, more

Forensic Toxicology > 2013 > 31 > 2 > 187-196

Two unknown cannabimimetic compounds were detected in a seized herbal mixture after gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) screening. To elucidate the chemical structures, 0.3 g of the dried plant material was extracted with methanol and concentrated under reduced pressure. The extract was purified by silica gel column chromatography with methylene chloride and methanol. Pure compounds were...

article

Two new-type cannabimimetic quinolinyl carboxylates, QUPIC and QUCHIC, two new cannabimimetic carboxamide derivatives, ADB-FUBINACA and ADBICA, and five synthetic cannabinoids detected with a thiophene derivative α-PVT and an opioid receptor agonist AH-7921 identified in illegal products

Nahoko Uchiyama, Satoru Matsuda, Maiko Kawamura, Ruri Kikura-Hanajiri, more

Forensic Toxicology > 2013 > 31 > 2 > 223-240

We identified two new-type cannabimimetic quinolinyl carboxylates, quinolin-8-yl 1-pentyl-(1H-indole)-3-carboxylate (QUPIC, 1) and quinolin-8-yl 1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxylate (QUCHIC, 2); and two new cannabimimetic carboxamide derivatives, N-(1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (ADB-FUBINACA, 3) and N-(1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-pentyl-1...

article

The role of methadone in fatalities

Nadia Giovanni, Nadia Fucci

Forensic Toxicology > 2013 > 31 > 2 > 347-350

article

Assessment of the presence of damiana in herbal blends of forensic interest based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography

Marion Schäffer, Thomas Gröger, Michael Pütz, Ralf Zimmermann

Forensic Toxicology > 2013 > 31 > 2 > 251-262

The popularity of ‘herbal highs’ as an alternative to common illegal drugs is becoming an emerging concern for forensic laboratories and medical facilities. One of the herbal ingredients often claimed by the suppliers to be present in their products is Turnera diffusa, commonly known as ‘damiana,’ which has a long history as a pharmaceutical drug and an intoxicating substance due to its alleged psychoactive...

article

In vitro and in vivo metabolisms of 1-pentyl-3-(4-methyl-1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-122)

Nik De Brabanter, Simone Esposito, Lore Geldof, Leen Lootens, more

Forensic Toxicology > 2013 > 31 > 2 > 212-222

1-Pentyl-3-(4-methyl-1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-122) is an agonist of the cannabinoid receptors CB₁ and CB₂. In this study, the phase I and phase II metabolisms of JWH-122 were investigated using two models. In vitro studies using incubations of JWH-122 with human liver microsomes were performed to obtain metabolites of the drug at the initial step; 11 classes of metabolites were found and analyzed by...

article

An LC–MS–MS method for quantitative analysis of six trimethoxyamphetamine designer drugs in rat plasma, and its application to a pharmacokinetic study

Maria Antonietta Pirisi, Maria Nieddu, Lucia Burrai, Antonio Carta, more

Forensic Toxicology > 2013 > 31 > 2 > 197-203

Trimethoxyamphetamines (TMAs) comprise a family of hallucinogenic drugs that includes various different positional isomers, which are important both for their hallucinogenic activity and their circulation in illicit drug markets. This report describes a method for identification and quantitation of six TMA isomers in rat plasma by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry...

article

Sensitive determination of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and diethylene glycol in human whole blood by isotope dilution gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and the presence of appreciable amounts of the glycols in blood of healthy subjects

Amin Wurita, Osamu Suzuki, Koutaro Hasegawa, Kunio Gonmori, more

Forensic Toxicology > 2013 > 31 > 2 > 272-280

Ethylene glycol (EG), propylene glycol (PG), and diethylene glycol (DEG) are widely used as components of antifreeze liquids for automobiles and in many other products. They occasionally cause severe poisonings when they are ingested in high doses. In this study, we established a detailed procedure for highly sensitive and simultaneous determination of EG, PG, and DEG in human whole blood by isotope...

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2013

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Keywords

LC–MS–MS (4)
DESIGNER DRUG (3)
GC–MS (3)
SYNTHETIC CANNABINOIDS (3)
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY–MASS SPECTROMETRY (2)
HERBAL HIGHS (2)
NMR (2)
SYNTHETIC CANNABINOID (2)
AMANITA MUSHROOM POISONING (1)
N-(1-AMINO-3,3-DIMETHYL-1-OXOBUTAN-2-YL)-1-(4-FLUOROBENZYL)-1H-INDAZOLE-3-CARBOXAMIDE (ADB-FUBINACA) (1)
N-(1-AMINO-3,3-DIMETHYL-1-OXOBUTAN-2-YL)-1-PENTYL-1H-INDOLE-3-CARBOXAMIDE (ADBICA) (1)
TURNERA DIFFUSA (1)
1-BUTYL-3-(2-METHOXYBENZOYL)INDOLE (1)
1-PENTYL-3-(2-METHOXYBENZOYL)INDOLE (1)
11-HYDROXYLATION (1)
3,4-METHYLENEDIOXY-N-BENZYLAMPHETAMINE (MDBZ) (1)
3,4-METHYLENEDIOXY-N-CYCLOPROPYLMETHYLAMPHETAMINE (MDCPM) (1)
3,4-METHYLENEDIOXY-N-ISOPROPYLAMPHETAMINE (MDIP) (1)
3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYAMPHETAMINES (MDAS) (1)
3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYPYROVALERONE (MDPV) (1)
A-834,735 (1)
ACIVICIN (1)
ALLYLIC HYDROXYLATION (1)
BEVERAGE SAMPLES (1)
BLOOD LEVEL (1)
CANNABINOL (1)
CHEMILUMINESCENCE (1)
CHIMERIC MICE (1)
DAMIANA (1)
DERIVATIZATION (1)
DESIGNER BENZODIAZEPINE (1)
DESIGNER DRUGS (1)
DIETHYLENE GLYCOL (1)
DRUG ANALYSIS (1)
ETHYLENE GLYCOL (1)
FATAL POISONING (1)
FATAL POISONING CASE (1)
FINGERPRINTING (1)
FLUOROAMPHETAMINE ANALOGS (1)
GC × GC (1)
GC–EI–MS–MS (1)
GLYCOLS IN BLOOD OF HEALTHY SUBJECTS (1)
HAIR ANALYSIS (1)
HUMAN BRAIN MICROSOMES (1)
IBOTENIC ACID (1)
IN VIVO AND IN VITRO MODELS (1)
ISOMERIC DIFFERENTIATION (1)
JWH-122 METABOLITES (1)
LC–ESI–QTOF–MS (1)
LC–MS (1)
LC–MS ANALYSIS (1)
LC–MS(–MS) (1)
MAM-2201 (1)
METHOXYDIMETHYLAMPHETAMINE (1)
METHOXYETHYLAMPHETAMINE (1)
MONOLITHIC SILICA (1)
MUSCIMOL (1)
NMR IDENTIFICATION (1)
ON-SITE ANALYSIS (1)
PARAQUAT (1)
PHARMACOKINETIC STUDY (1)
PHASE I AND PHASE II METABOLISM (1)
POISONING (1)
PORTABLE LUMINOMETER (1)
PROPYLENE GLYCOL (1)
PYRAZOLAM (1)
QUINOLIN-8-YL 1-(CYCLOHEXYLMETHYL)-1H-INDOLE-3-CARBOXYLATE (QUCHIC) (1)
QUINOLIN-8-YL 1-PENTYL-(1H-INDOLE)-3-CARBOXYLATE (QUPIC) (1)
RAT PLASMA (1)
RCS-4 ISOMER (1)
REDOX CYCLE (1)
REGIOISOMER (1)
SAMPLE PREPARATION (1)
SERUM (1)
SERUM SAMPLE (1)
SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION (SPE) (1)
SPICE (1)
STABLE ISOTOPE DILUTION (1)
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION (1)
TOF–MS (1)
TRIMETHOXYAMPHETAMINES (TMAS) (1)
URINE (1)
URINE MATRIX (1)
[1-(TETRAHYDROPYRAN-4-YLMETHYL)-1H-INDOL-3-YL]-(2,2,3,3-TETRAMETHYLCYCLOPROPYL)METHANONE (1)
Α-PYRROLIDINOBUTIOPHENONE (Α-PBP) (1)
Α-PYRROLIDINOVALEOROPHENONE (1)
Α-PYRROLIDINOVALEROPHENONE (Α-PVP) (1)
Α-PYRROLIDINOVALEROTHIOPHENONE (Α-PVT) (1)
Δ8-TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL (1)
Δ9-TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL (1)
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