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Cognitive aging processes are underpinned by multiple processes including genetic factors. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been suggested to be involved in age-related cognitive decline in otherwise healthy individuals. The gender-specific role of the BDNF gene in cognitive aging remains unclear. The identification of genetic biomarkers might be a useful approach to identify individuals...
Acute exercise results in transient change in redox balance. High concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to oxidative damage to macromolecules. However, moderate periodic increases in ROS, such as experienced with habitual exercise, may activate signal transduction pathways which stimulate increases in endogenous antioxidant systems. This study tested the hypothesis that physically...
Sphingolipid turnover has been shown to be activated at old age and in response to various stress stimuli including oxidative stress. Reduction of vitamin E content in the liver under the pro-oxidant action is associated with enhanced sphingolipid turnover and ceramide accumulation in hepatocytes. In the present paper, the correction of sphingolipid metabolism in the liver cells of old rats and in...
Klotho (KL) gene has been involved in severe alterations of physiological biochemical parameters leading to premature aging-like phenotypes and strikingly shortening lifespan. KL participates to the regulation of a number of intracellular biochemical pathways, including lipid profile and glucose metabolism. Aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between KL locus and biological...
Trichothiodystrophy (TTD) is a rare, autosomal recessive nucleotide excision repair (NER) disorder caused by mutations in components of the dual functional NER/basal transcription factor TFIIH. TTD mice, carrying a patient-based point mutation in the Xpd gene, strikingly resemble many features of the human syndrome and exhibit signs of premature aging. To examine to which extent TTD mice resemble...
Calcium sensitization is an important physiological process in agonist-induced contraction of smooth muscle. In brief, calcium sensitization is a pathway that leads to smooth muscle contraction independently of changes in [Ca2+]i by mean of inhibition of myosin light chain phosphatase. Aging has negative impacts on gallbladder contractile response due to partial impairment in calcium signaling and...
The human lens nucleus is formed in utero, and from birth onwards, there appears to be no significant turnover of intracellular proteins or membrane components. Since, in adults, this region also lacks active enzymes, it offers the opportunity to examine the intrinsic stability of macromolecules under physiological conditions. Fifty seven human lenses, ranging in age from 12 to 82 years, were dissected...
Many studies have demonstrated the association between telomere length in mitotic cells and aging, but the relationship between telomere length in post-mitotic cells and aging in human populations has remained largely unclear. In this study, we assessed the dynamics of telomere length (terminal restriction fragment length—TRF) in normal pituitary glands obtained at autopsy from 65 patients aged between...
Patients with diabetes mellitus show increased risk of infectious disease as well as disturbances in innate immunity. In critical care settings, hyperglycemia is associated with increased risk of sepsis. It is unclear whether elevated glucose concentrations and innate immunity are associated in a non-clinical setting. We aimed to assess the association between glucose concentrations and innate immune...
Lifelong dietary restriction (DR) is known to have many potential beneficial effects on brain function as well as delaying the onset of neurological diseases. In the present investigation, the effect of late-onset short-term intermittent fasting dietary restriction (IF-DR) regimen was studied on motor coordination and cognitive ability of ageing male rats. These animals were further used to estimate...
Recent studies have shown that renin–angiotensin system overactivation is involved in the aging process in several tissues as well as in longevity and aging-related degenerative diseases by increasing oxidative damage and inflammation. We have recently shown that angiotensin II enhances dopaminergic degeneration by increasing levels of reactive oxygen species and neuroinflammation, and that there...
Aging is associated with a reduction in metabolic functions, increased incidence of neurodegenerative diseases, and memory or cognitive dysfunction. With aging, a decrease in plasma estrogen levels, related to loss of gonadal function, occurs in females. Estrogens have neuroprotective effects and estradiol treatment improves some aspects of neuronal homeostasis affected by aging. In other way, recent...
The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the participation and performance trends at the ‘100 km Lauf Biel’ in Switzerland from 1998 to 2010, and (2) to compare the age-related changes in 100-km running performance between males and females. For both sexes, the percent of finishers significantly (P < 0.01) decreased for the 18–29 and the 30–39-year age groups, while it significantly (P <...
Ages at natural menarche and menopause are influenced by several genetic factors. This study aimed to investigate the possible relationship between the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype and the age at menarche and natural menopause in Chinese females. In the current study, 398 (elderly group, aged 47–80 years) and 825 (young group, aged 15–25 years) Chinese females were enrolled under informed content...
The physiological parameters characterizing human capacities (the ability to move, reproduce or perform tasks) evolve with ageing: performance is limited at birth, increases to a maximum and then decreases back to zero at the day of death. Physical and intellectual skills follow such a pattern. Here, we investigate the development of sport and chess performances during the lifetime at two different...
Ageing changes gut microbiota composition and alters immune system function. Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics may improve the health status of elderly individuals by modifying the intestinal environment and the microbiota composition, and by stimulating the immune system. In this work, we studied the effects of synbiotic supplementation on the gut microbiota of healthy elderly volunteers. Fifty-one...
No proven pharmacological therapies to delay or reverse age-related diastolic dysfunction exist. We hypothesized that late-life low-dose (non-blood-pressure-lowering) angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition vs. angiotensin II receptor blockade would be equally efficacious at mitigating diastolic dysfunction in the senescent Fischer 344 × Brown Norway rat. Enalapril (10 mg/kg/day; n = 9) initiated...
The activity of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) of the inner surface (the endothelium surface) of rat aorta sections has been studied depending on their distance from the aortic arch, age of rats, and the duration of treatment of rats with the NO synthase inhibitor, Nω-nitro-l-arginine (l-NAME). The activity of ACE of aorta sections was determined by measuring the hydrolysis of hippuryl-l-histidyl-l-leucine...
Human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs) exposed to subcytotoxic concentrations of oxidative or stressful agents, such as hydrogen peroxide, tert-butylhydroperoxide, or ethanol, undergo stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS). This condition is characterized by the appearance of replicative senescence biomarkers such as irreversible growth arrest, increase in senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA β-gal)...
Human progeroid syndromes and premature aging mouse models present as segmental, accelerated aging because some tissues and not others are affected. Skeletal muscle is detrimentally changed by normal aging but whether it is an affected tissue in progeria has not been resolved. We hypothesized that mice which mimic Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome would exhibit age-related alterations of skeletal...
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