Water, Air, & Soil Pollution

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An Air-Pollution History of Metallurgical Innovation in Iron- and Steel-Making: A Geochemical Archive of Sheffield

D.D. Gilbertson, J. P. Grattan, M. Cressey, F. B. Pyatt

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution > 1997 > 100 > 3-4 > 327-341

This paper explores the degree to which palaeoecological analyses can determine the history of metallurgical innovation and complex technological developments that took place in the iron- and steel industries of the City of Sheffield, Yorkshire, England. A knowledge of the key scientific breakthroughs as well as documentary evidence of industrial growth and decline in Sheffield are used as base-line...

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Heavy Metals in Holocene Peats from South West England: Detecting Mining Impacts and Atmospheric Pollution

S. West, D.J. Charman, J.P. Grattan, A.K. Cherburkin

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution > 1997 > 100 > 3-4 > 343-353

South west England has a long history of mining and smelting activity, primarily focused upon the exploitation of tin (Sn), copper (Cu) and arsenic (As) in the mineralised zones of the upland areas. Fragmentary archaeological evidence exists for the exploitation of these mineral resources from the mid-Bronze Age onwards (ca. 1000 BC). This paper explores the usefulness of two peatland systems in revealing...

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Ti and Pb Concentrations in Rainwater-Fed Bogs in Europe as Indicators of Past Anthropogenic Activities

H. Kempter, M. Görres, B. Frenzel

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution > 1997 > 100 > 3-4 > 367-377

Chemical and physical analyses of dated ombrotrophic peat cores from 8 European regions were undertaken to determine the effect of forest clearances, farming, mining and smelting on the composition of atmospheric aerosols. Elemental concentrations in peat were determined using XRF and the mean concentrations of Ti and Pb in peat as well as Pb enrichment factors (Pb EFs) were calculated for each region...

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Summary of the Workshop on Peat Bog Archives of Atmospheric Metal Deposition

W. Shotyk, S.A. Norton, J.G. Farmer

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution > 1997 > 100 > 3-4 > 213-219

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Atmospheric Lead Deposition from 12,400 to ca. 2,000 yrs BP in a Peat Bog Profile, Jura Mountains, Switzerland

D. Weiss, W. Shotyk, A. K. Cheburkin, M. Gloor, more

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution > 1997 > 100 > 3-4 > 311-324

The bog at Etang de la Gruère (Jura Mountains, Switzerland) consists of 420 cm of Sphagnum-dominated bog peat overlying 230 cm of Carex-dominated fen peat. One hundred cm below the bog surface, there is a pronounced peak in lead (Pb) concentration (approx. 10 µg/g) which has been dated at 2110 ± 30 BP and can be attributed to Roman Pb mining and smelting. Lead concentrations in peats from deeper,...

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Lead in Three Peat Bog Profiles, Jura Mountains, Switzerland: Enrichment Factors, Isotopic Composition, and Chronology of Atmospheric Deposition

W. Shotyk, A.K. Cheburkin, P.G. Appleby, A. Fankhauser, more

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution > 1997 > 100 > 3-4 > 297-310

One metre cores were taken from three peat bogs in the Jura Mountains of Switzerland: Etang de la Gruère (EGr), La Tourbière des Genevez (TGe), and Praz Rodet (PRd). Dried peat samples were analyzed for lead (Pb) using the EMMA XRF and scandium (Sc) using INAA. Enrichment factors (EF) were calculated by normalizing to the background Pb/Sc ratio at EGr. Age dates were obtained using 210Pb (CRS Model)...

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Contents of Volume 100

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution > 1997 > 100 > 3-4 > 417-418

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Pb and Cd Concentrations in a Southern Bavarian Bog Profile and the History of Vegetation as Recorded by Pollen Analysis

H. Küster, K.-E. Rehfuess

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution > 1997 > 100 > 3-4 > 379-386

In the lower part of a raised bog profile from Langegger Filz, southern Bavaria, the Pb and Cd concentrations were comparatively low while considerably higher concentrations of both elements were observed in the upper section of the profile. The peat layers with the highest concentrations of Pb and Cd were found to date from the Iron Age, the Roman Age, and the Middle Ages. The Fagus pollen curve...

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Lead-210 Age Dating of Three Peat Cores in the Jura Mountains, Switzerland

P.G. Appleby, W. Shotyk, A. Fankhauser

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution > 1997 > 100 > 3-4 > 223-231

Peat cores collected from three sites in the Jura region of Switzerland, La Tourbière des Genevez, Etang de la Gruère and Praz Rodet, were analysed for the fallout radionuclides 210Pb, 137Cs, 134Cs and 241Am, and the minerogenic radionuclide 226Ra. Unsupported 210Pb inventories of the cores were all in the range 3900-4784 Bq m-2 and are consistent with their having largely retained the atmospheric...

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Four Thousand Years of Atmospheric Pb, Cd and Zn Deposition Recorded by the Ombrotrophic Peat Bog of Penido Vello (Northwestern Spain)

A. Martínez-Cortizas, X. Pontevedra-Pombal, J.C. Nóvoa Muñoz, E. García-Rodeja

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution > 1997 > 100 > 3-4 > 387-403

The Northwestern Iberian Peninsula is a mid-latitude oceanic region with areas where different types of bogs are frequent or abundant. The ombrotrophic nature of some bogs make them suitable for the study of accumulation patterns of heavy metals. One of these bogs, Penido Vello, was sampled to a depth of 2.5 m and analyzed in detail for its physico-chemical properties and Pb, Zn and Cd concentrations...

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Changing Concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in a High Altitude Peat Bog from Bolivia during the Past Three Centuries

E. Espi, C.F. Boutron, S. Hong, M. Pourchet, more

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution > 1997 > 100 > 3-4 > 289-296

A core consisting of minerogenic peat and organic-rich mineral sediments was collected at an altitude of 4275 m in the Ovejuyo valley, 100 km NE of La Paz in Bolivia. Age dating with 210Pb showed that the core represents approximately three centuries of sediment accumulation. None of the peats are ombrotrophic. Despite this, the Cd/Al, Cu/Al, Zn/Al, and Pb/Al ratios are all significantly higher in...

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Stable Isotope and Concentration Records of Atmospheric Lead Pollution in Peat and Lake Sediments in Sweden

M.-L. Brännvall, R. Bindler, O. Emteryd, M. Nilsson, more

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution > 1997 > 100 > 3-4 > 243-252

We compare lead concentration and stable lead isotope analyses from three peat bog and three lake sediment records in Sweden. Radiocarbon dated stratigraphies give evidence that trends in the concentration of Pb in the peat and sediment cores are very similar, and follow the general outline of historical global Pb production over several thousand years. Due to the large difference in the 206Pb/207Pb...

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Announcement

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution > 1997 > 100 > 3-4 > 419-419

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Deposition History of Trace Metals and Fallout Radionuclides in Wetland Ecosystems using 210Pb Chronology

W.R. Schell, M.J. Tobin, M.J.V. Novak, R.K. Wieder, more

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution > 1997 > 100 > 3-4 > 233-239

A comparative study has been made of the history of lead and other trace metals that have been deposited on wetlands. A series of sediment cores from the USA, Ireland and the Czech Republic were measured for 210Pb, Pb, other trace metals and the radionuclides 137Cs, 90Sr and 239,240Pu. The 210Pb chronology of the core profiles was established using the CRS method of Appleby and Oldfield and the minimum...

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A Comparison of the Historical Lead Pollution Records in Peat and Freshwater Lake Sediments from Central Scotland

J.G. Farmer, A.B. Mackenzie, C.L. Sugden, P.J. Edgar, more

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution > 1997 > 100 > 3-4 > 253-270

The concentrations, inventories, fluxes and isotopic composition of Pb in four 210Pb-dated cores from the raised Flanders Moss peat bog are compared with corresponding data for two sediment cores from Loch Lomond, also in central Scotland. Although the inventories and fluxes of Pb revealed by the peat record for the past few hundred years are generally lower, the isotopic records are in good agreement,...

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Comparison of Hg and Pb Fluxes to Hummocks and Hollows of Ombrotrophic Big Heath Bog and to Nearby Sargent Mt. Pond, Maine, USA

S. A. Norton, G. C. Evans, J. S. Kahl

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution > 1997 > 100 > 3-4 > 271-286

Two hummock cores (separated by 1 m), two hollow cores (separated by 1 m and both within 5 m of the hummock) from ombrotrophic Big Heath, and a single core from Sargent Mountain Pond (12 km north-northeast of the bog), Mt. Desert Island, Acadia National Park, Maine, USA were collected in 1983 and dated using 210Pb and analyzed for a suite of major and trace metals. The hummock cores correspond closely...

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Ash and Metal Concentrations in Peat Bogs as Indicators of Anthropogenic Activity

Marcel Görres, Burkhard Frenzel

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution > 1997 > 100 > 3-4 > 355-365

Stratigraphical (temporal) and physicochemical investigations of different European peat bogs confirm interrelations between increased ash and element concentrations on the one hand and human settlement (found by means of pollen analysis) on the other hand. Phases of enhanced anthropogenic activities (farming, forest clearing, forestry etc.), which can be derived from the corresponding pollen diagrams...

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Trace Element Profiles in Ombrogenous Peat Cores from Norway: Evidence of Long Range Atmospheric Transport

Eiliv Steinnes

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution > 1997 > 100 > 3-4 > 405-413

Concentrations of Pb, Cd, As, Sb, and Se in peat from 21 ombrotrophic bogs in Norway are discussed with respect to air pollution and compared to other evidence from studies of trace element deposition in Norway. In general the data support conclusions from studies of atmospheric deposition based on moss analysis, and they also confirm specific trends previously observed for the contamination of natural...

article

Author Index of Volume 100

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution > 1997 > 100 > 3-4 > 415-416

INFONA - science communication portal

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution

An Air-Pollution History of Metallurgical Innovation in Iron- and Steel-Making: A Geochemical Archive of Sheffield

Heavy Metals in Holocene Peats from South West England: Detecting Mining Impacts and Atmospheric Pollution

Ti and Pb Concentrations in Rainwater-Fed Bogs in Europe as Indicators of Past Anthropogenic Activities

Summary of the Workshop on Peat Bog Archives of Atmospheric Metal Deposition

Atmospheric Lead Deposition from 12,400 to ca. 2,000 yrs BP in a Peat Bog Profile, Jura Mountains, Switzerland

Lead in Three Peat Bog Profiles, Jura Mountains, Switzerland: Enrichment Factors, Isotopic Composition, and Chronology of Atmospheric Deposition

Contents of Volume 100

Pb and Cd Concentrations in a Southern Bavarian Bog Profile and the History of Vegetation as Recorded by Pollen Analysis

Lead-210 Age Dating of Three Peat Cores in the Jura Mountains, Switzerland

Four Thousand Years of Atmospheric Pb, Cd and Zn Deposition Recorded by the Ombrotrophic Peat Bog of Penido Vello (Northwestern Spain)

Changing Concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in a High Altitude Peat Bog from Bolivia during the Past Three Centuries

Stable Isotope and Concentration Records of Atmospheric Lead Pollution in Peat and Lake Sediments in Sweden

Announcement

Deposition History of Trace Metals and Fallout Radionuclides in Wetland Ecosystems using 210Pb Chronology

A Comparison of the Historical Lead Pollution Records in Peat and Freshwater Lake Sediments from Central Scotland

Comparison of Hg and Pb Fluxes to Hummocks and Hollows of Ombrotrophic Big Heath Bog and to Nearby Sargent Mt. Pond, Maine, USA

Ash and Metal Concentrations in Peat Bogs as Indicators of Anthropogenic Activity

Trace Element Profiles in Ombrogenous Peat Cores from Norway: Evidence of Long Range Atmospheric Transport

Author Index of Volume 100

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