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(TiB2–TiC)–Ni/TiAl/Ti functionally gradient materials were prepared by field-activated pressure-assisted synthesis processes. (TiB2–TiC)–Ni composite ceramic, the top layer of the functional gradient materials, was prepared in situ by the combustion synthesis process using Ti and B4C powders as raw materials. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the ceramic layer revealed that the TiB2 and...
Friction represents a major energy wastage, with typical estimates in the range of 2–5 % of the GDP of developed countries; 15 % of the energy losses in a new automobile engine are due to friction (Uchida et al. J. Cryst. Growth 114:565–568, 1991). While the macroscopic laws of friction have been known for centuries, the exact nanoscale processes taking place are less clear. It is established that...
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