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Background The ability to preoperatively predict postoperative complication risks is valuable for individual counseling and (post)operative planning, e.g. to select low-risk patients eligible for short stay surgery or those with higher risks requiring special attention. These risks however, are not well established in pituitary surgery. Methods We conducted a systematic review of associations between...
Introduction Central diabetes insipidus (DI) is a rare disease characterized by the excretion of excessive volumes of dilute urine due to reduced levels of the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP), caused by an acquired or genetic defect in the neurohypophysis. The aim of this study was to identify any autonomic dysfunction (AD) in patients with DI as a possible cofactor responsible for...
Purpose Mutation frequencies of PROP1, POU1F1 and HESX1 in patients with combined pituitary hormone deficiencies (CPHD) vary substantially between populations. They are low in sporadic CPHD patients in Western Europe. However, most clinicians still routinely send DNA of their CPHD patients for genetic screening of these pituitary transcription factors. Before we can recommend against screening of...
Silent growth hormone adenomas (SGHA) are a rare entity of non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors. Diagnosis is invariably made post-operatively of a tumor immunopositive for GH (and Pit-1 in selected cases) but without clinical acromegaly. Mainly young females are affected, and tumors are often uncovered by investigation for headaches or oligoamenorrhea. Integration of clinical, pathological...
Clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFAs) range from those causing significant hypothalamic/pituitary dysfunction and visual field compromise due to their large size to those being completely asymptomatic. In the absence of hypersecretion, hypopituitarism or visual field defects, patients with NFAs may be followed by periodic surveillance using MRI to detect tumor enlargement. In some cases,...
Background Xanthogranulomas are inflammatory masses most commonly found at peripheral sites such as the skin. Sellar and parasellar xanthogranulomas are rare and present a diagnostic challenge as they are difficult to differentiate from other sellar lesions such as craniopharyngiomas and Rathke’s cleft cysts pre-operatively. Their radiological imaging features are yet to be clearly defined, and clinical...
Objectives To evaluate clinical presentations, diagnosis and management of paediatric patients presenting with pituitary apoplexy. Methods A retrospective case series describing a cohort of paediatric patients presenting with this condition from 2010–2016 to a tertiary referral children’s hospital in the United Kingdom. Results Pituitary apoplexy is a rare condition that seems to have a higher...
Purpose The pituitary gland is an unusual site for metastatic spread, but as patients with metastatic malignancy are living longer, it may become more prevalent. Compression of important anatomy adjacent to the sella may produce disabling symptoms and endocrine derangement, leading to significant morbidity. Methods An ambispective review of patient records between 2013 and 2017 from three neurosurgical...
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