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Analysis of the 18S rDNA sequences of Haliotis tuberculata tuberculata and H. t. coccinea subtaxa identified two different types of 18S rDNA genes and ITS1 regions. These two different genes were also detected in H. marmorata, H. rugosa and H. diversicolor that are separated from H. tuberculata by 5–65 mya. The mean divergence value between type I and type II sequences ranged from 7.25% for 18S to...
Patella ferruginea Gmelin, 1791 is an endangered marine gastropod endemic to the Western Mediterranean. Its range is restricted to the Sardinian-Corsican region (SCR), North Africa, a few scattered sites in Southern Spain, and Sicily. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers and three different mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) regions, Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit I, 12S (small-subunit ribosomal RNA...
Aspects of maternal-planula larval genetics in the monoecious scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata (Red Sea, Eilat) were studied by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) methodology in two successive reproductive seasons. In total, 293 planulae and 10 adult colonies were analyzed. In June 2006, 147 planulae were collected from 10 shallow water colonies. In March, April and June 2007,...
The American eastern cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cingulata, a pest of cherries in the western hemisphere, invaded Europe in 1983, and since then dispersed to several European countries. Information on the genetics and cytogenetics of this pest is very scarce. The mitotic karyotype and detailed photographic maps of the salivary gland polytene chromosomes of R. cingulata are presented here. The mitotic...
In several eudicots, including members of the Asteraceae family, the CYCLOIDEA (CYC) genes, which belong to the TCP class of transcription factors, are key players for floral symmetry. The sunflower inflorescence is heterogamous (radiate capitulum) with sterile monosymmetric ray flowers located in the outermost whorl of the inflorescence and hermaphrodite polysymmetric disk flowers. In inflorescence...
An association analysis on the genetic variability for silica concentration in rice hulls was performed using a “Mini-Core” set of 174 accessions representative of the germplasm diversity found in the USDA world collection of rice. Hull silica concentration was determined in replicated trials conducted in two southern states in the USA and was analyzed for its association with 164 genome-wide DNA...
Dehydrins are one of the major stress-induced gene families, and the expression of dehydrin 6 (Dhn6) is strictly related to drought in barley. In order to investigate how the evolution of the Dhn6 gene is associated with adaptation to environmental changes, we examined 48 genotypes of wild barley, Hordeum spontaneum, from “Evolution Canyon” at Mount Carmel, Israel. The Dhn6 sequences of the 48 genotypes...
Identification of the effects of historical processes on spatial genetic variation is of major importance in landscape genetics, especially in recent systems where the signal of recent isolation is often hardly perceptible. The goal of this study was to assess how differences in colonization patterns could influence spatial genetic variation using two centrarchidae species, the pumpkinseed sunfish...
Michelia maudiae Dunn. is a Magnoliaceae species threatened by habitat destruction and over-exploitation. Genetic diversity and differentiation, population contribution to total diversity and allelic/haplotypic richness, and the relative importance of pollen- and seed-mediated gene flow were investigated in nine populations (192 individuals) of M. maudiae using nuclear and chloroplast microsatellites...
The recent colonization of America by Drosophila subobscura represents a great opportunity for evolutionary biology studies. Knowledge of the populations from which the colonization started would provide an understanding of how genetic composition changed during adaptation to the new environment. Thus, a 793 nucleotide fragment of the Odh (Octanol dehydrogenase) gene was sequenced in 66 chromosomal...
Parodon and Apareiodon lack sufficiently consistent morphological traits to be considered a monophyletic group in Parodontidae. Species within this family are either sex-homomorphic or sex-heteromorphic (i.e., lacking a differentiated sex chromosome system, ZZ/ZW or ZZ/ZW1W2). In this study, a DNA fragment from the heterochromatin segment of the W chromosome of Apareiodon ibitiensis (named WAp) was...
Animal mtDNA is typically assumed to be maternally inherited. Paternal mtDNA has been shown to be excluded from entering the egg or eliminated post-fertilization in several animals. However, in the contact zones of hybridizing species and populations, the reproductive barriers between hybridizing organisms may not be as efficient at preventing paternal mtDNA inheritance, resulting in paternal leakage...
We investigated mitochondrial and nuclear DNA genotypes in nominal Littorina sitkana samples from 2 localities in Eastern Hokkaido, northern Japan. Our results indicated the existence of cryptic species. In the analysis of partial mitochondrial Cytchrome b gene sequences, haplotypes of L. sitkana samples were monophyletic in a phylogenetic tree with orthologous sequences from other Littorina species,...
The transposable element (TE) Paris was described in a Drosophila virilis strain (virilis species group) as causing a hybrid dysgenesis with other mobile genetic elements. Since then, the element Paris has only been found in D. buzzatii, a species from the repleta group. In this study, we performed a search for Paris-like elements in 56 species of drosophilids to improve the knowledge about the distribution...
Long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons make up substantial parts of most higher plant genomes where they accumulate due to their replicative mode of transposition. Although the transposition is facilitated by proteins encoded within the gag-pol region which is common to all autonomous elements, some LTR retrotransposons were found to potentially carry an additional protein coding capacity represented...
Splendid alfonsino Beryxsplendens is a commercial species in several countries, but is not currently exploited in New Caledonia. Information on species biology and genetics can influence the development of fisheries and assist in their management, but the genetic structuring and diversity of B. splendens populations remain largely unknown. To improve knowledge of genetic parameters, we used mitochondrial...
The XA21 protein has broad spectrum resistance against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Although Xa21-mediated immunity is well characterized, little is known about the origin and evolutionary history of this gene in grasses. Therefore, we analyzed all Xa21 gene homologs in eight whole-genome sequenced rice lines, as well as in four gramineous genomes, rice, Brachypodium, sorghum and maize; using Arabidopsis...
In the Sahel of Africa, farmers often modify their cultivation practices to adapt to environmental changes. How these changes shape the agro-biodiversity is a question of primary interest for the conservation of plant genetic resources. We addressed this question in a case study on pearl millet in south western Niger where farmers used to cultivate landraces with different cycle length in order to...
The fluctuation experiment is an essential tool for measuring microbial mutation rates in the laboratory. When inferring the mutation rate from an experiment, one assumes that the number of mutants in each test tube follows a common distribution. This assumption conceptually restricts the scope of applicability of fluctuation assay. We relax this assumption by proposing a Bayesian two-level model,...
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