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The karyotypic and chromosomal characteristics of the hatchetfish Thoracocharax stellatus from the Araguaia River, Brazil (Araguaia-Tocantins basin) were analyzed using Giemsa, AgNO3, and CMA3 fluorescent staining, and C-banding. The diploid chromosome number was 54 and the karyotypes of females and males were composed of six metacentrics, six submetacentrics, six subtelocentrics and 36 acrocentrics...
Drosophila ananassae and Drosophila pallidosa are closely related species that can produce viable and fertile hybrids of both sexes, although strong sexual isolation exists between the two species. Females are thought to discriminate conspecific from heterospecific males based on their courtship songs. The genetic basis of female discrimination behavior was analyzed using isogenic females from interspecific...
This paper reports results of the first cytogenetic study of parthenogenetic psyllids, carried out on an asexual population of the holarctic species Cacopsylla myrtilli W. Wagner from northeast Finland. Preparations of mature eggs extracted from females revealed 39 univalent chromosomes in prophase and metaphase cells. Hence, female meiosis is of apomictic type and replaced by a modified mitosis....
Two mariner-like elements, Ramar1 and Ramar2, are described in the genome of Rhynchosciara americana, whose nucleotide consensus sequences were derived from multiple defective copies containing deletions, frame shifts and stop codons. Ramar1 contains several conserved amino acid blocks which were identified, including a specific D,D(34)D signature motif. Ramar2 is a defective mariner-like element,...
Roots are a vital organ for absorbing soil moisture and nutrients and influence drought resistance. The identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with molecular markers may allow the estimation of parameters of genetic architecture and improve root traits by molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS). A mapping population of 120 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between japonica...
The evolution of gene families can be best understood by studying the modern organization and functions of family members, and by comparing parallel families in different species. In this study, the CYP2ABFGST gene cluster has been characterized in rat and compared to the syntenic clusters in mouse and human, providing an interesting example of gene family evolution. In the rat, 18 loci from six subfamilies...
We studied the regional genetic diversity and seed exchange dynamics of pearl millet landraces in south-western Niger. The genetic study was based on AFLP markers. We found significant genetic differentiation between landraces in different geographical areas of south-western Niger. However, the degree of differentiation was low insofar as only 1.9% of the total molecular diversity was due to regional...
Cytogenetic analyses of Bryconamericus aff. iheringii specimens from the upper Paraná River basin (State of Paraná, Brazil) are provided. They had 2n = 52 chromosomes and two cytotypes with variations in their karyotypic formulae: cytotype I with 12 metacentric, 18 submetacentric, 8 subtelocentric and 14 acrocentric chromosomes with a fundamental number (FN) of 90; cytotype II with 8 metacentric,...
Two different forces are thought to contribute to the rapid accumulation of hybrid male sterility that has been observed in many inter-specific crosses, namely the faster male and the dominance theories. For male heterogametic taxa, both faster male and dominance would work in the same direction to cause the rapid evolution of male sterility; however, for taxa lacking differentiated sex chromosomes...
To assess the utility of the tomato fruit-specific E8 gene’s promoter for driving vaccine antigen expression in plant, the 2.2 kb and 1.1 kb E8 promoters were isolated and sequenced from Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Jinfeng #1. The 1.1 kb promoter was fused to vaccine antigen HBsAg M gene for the transfer to Nicotiana tabacum, and the CaMV 35S promoter was used for comparison. Cholera toxin B (ctb)...
Dendrobium officinale is a critically endangered perennial herb endemic to China. Determining the levels of genetic diversity and patterns of population genetic structure of this species would assist in its conservation and management. Data of 12 populations were used to assess its genetic diversity and population structure, employing the method of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). A...
Pseudis paradoxa paradoxa, P. p. platensis, P. bolbodactyla, P. fusca and P. tocantins were analyzed cytogenetically by conventional chromosomal staining, C-banding, silver staining and fluorescent in situ hybridization with an rDNA probe. Pseudis tocantins chromosomes were also stained with distamycin A/DAPI. All of the species had a diploid number of 2n = 24 chromosomes and the nucleolar organizer...
A genetic map based on microsatellite polymorphisms and visible mutations of the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata is presented. Genotyping was performed on single flies from several backcross families. The map is composed of 67 microsatellites and 16 visible markers distributed over four linkage groups. Fluorescence in situ hybridization of selected microsatellite markers on salivary...
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