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Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) is an important food legume, but has limited genomic resources. In this study, the development of genic SSR markers from mungbean transcriptome sequences and their transferability to related Vigna species is presented. A total of 12,596 EST sequences from mungbean genotype ‘Jangan’ were searched for the presence of SSRs and 2,299 SSR motifs from 1,848 SSR containing...
Late root bulking is a major factor leading to rejection and abandoning of improved cassava genotypes in sub-Saharan Africa. Early bulking (EB) varieties shorten the growth period from planting to harvesting, better fit into environments with short rainy season, and reduce exposure to biotic and abiotic stresses thereby increasing productivity. This study was carried out to identify molecular markers...
The main objective of this research was the evaluation of the variability present in a segregating wine grape population derived from a cross between Graciano × Tempranillo, two Spanish varieties, in order to select improved genotypes with potential for producing high-quality wines in a climate change scenario. For that purpose, the phenotypic segregation of 16 agronomic traits related to production...
In International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants member countries, assessment of wheat variety stability is a statutory requirement before new varieties are registered and plant breeders’ rights are granted. However, it is impossible to test the stability of varieties accurately and quickly, or to assess the stability of a large number of varieties in a short time based on the...
The primitive, upland cotton landrace collection represents one of the untapped genetic resources in cotton breeding programs. Efforts to utilize these resources have been slow, but the development of day-neutral converted germplasm lines offers tremendous potential for broadening the genetic base in upland cotton. Using topcross hybrids involving elite germplasm from the unique Pee Dee germplasm...
This study seeks to quantify the importance of epistatic effects on the heterosis of maize using complex pedigrees in a single model of the so-called bi-, tri-, and tetra-alleles in an analysis with and without information from microsatellite markers. To this end, 51 inbred lines were sampled from different backgrounds, obtaining 6 double cross hybrids, 14 triple cross hybrids, and 58 single cross...
Phytohormones, a group of structurally unrelated small molecules are plant-signalling compounds that trigger induced resistance against certain pathogens and herbivores. The hormones jasmonic acid (JA), ABA, salicilic acid (SA) and ethylene (ET) are known to play major roles in regulating plant defence responses. In order to determine the changes in growth and in the chlorophyll content induced by...
Fusarium head blight (FHB) poses a challenge for wheat breeders worldwide; there are limited sources of resistance and the genetic basis for resistance is not well understood. In the mid-1980s, a shuttle breeding and germplasm exchange program launched between CIMMYT-Mexico and China, enabled the incorporation of FHB resistance from Chinese bread wheat germplasm into CIMMYT wheat. Most of the Chinese...
Several useful alien gene transfers have been reported from related species into wheat (Triticum aestivum), but very few publications have dealt with the development of wheat/barley (Hordeum vulgare) introgression lines. An overview is given here of wheat × barley hybridization over the last forty years, including the development of wheat × barley hybrids, and of addition and translocation lines with...
Previous studies reported that omega-3 fatty acid and α-linolenic acid are important compounds that prevent cardiovascular disease and cancer in humans. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil typically contains ~8 % α-linolenic acid (ALA). Elevated (~15 %) ALA content in seed oil is a trait of wild soybeans (G. soja Sieb. and Zucc.). Decreasing the ratio of linoleic acid (LA) to ALA to 4:1 or lower...
The elite indica rice variety Hua-jing-xian 74 and its 12 single segment substitution lines (SSSLs), all of which have been shown to have quantitative trait loci (QTL) for panicle number (PN), were used as crossing parents to construct a half-diallel crossing population with the aim of analyzing the expression of these QTL under different cropping densities. A total of 91 half-diallel crossing combinations...
Soybean research has found that nodule traits, especially nodule biomass, are associated with N2 fixation ability. Two genotypes, differing in nodule number per plant and individual nodule weight, KS4895 and Jackson, were mated to create 17 F3- and 80 F5-derived RILs. The population was mapped with 664 informative markers with an average distance of less than 20 cM between adjacent markers. Nodule...
Microspore embryogenesis is an inducible pathway interesting from basic and applied perspectives. For plant breeding, it is a powerful tool to produce doubled haploids, useful as pure lines. The most efficient way to produce them is through isolated microspore culture. In eggplant, one of the most important vegetable crops, this method is still poorly explored. So far, it is possible to produce doubled...
Powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera xanthii is a major disease in melon. Here we report two Px race 1 strains named Px1A and Px1B in Xinjiang, which have different pathogenicities. The more pathogenic Px1B made some powdery mildew resistant genes on linkage group V (LGV) lose their resistant traits. The inheritances of resistance to Px1A and Px1B in melon Edisto47 were studied using a BC1 population...
We present an improved protocol for highly efficient production of doubled haploid loose-curd cauliflower plants (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) via microspore culture. Our experiment explored factors such as donor plant treatment, flower bud pretreatment, embryo germination medium, and ploidy characterization of regenerated plants. Our technique efficiently produced embryos from both tight- and...
Salt stress is a major limitation for crop production in saline soil. For investigating genetic mechanism of salt tolerance at germination and seedling stage, and improving salt tolerance of sorghum, 181 recombinant inbred lines derived from Shihong137 and L-Tian were used in this study. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for three traits at germination stage and nine traits at seedling stage were analyzed...
Organic acids play a primary role in defining grape flavor and wine organoleptic properties. China-originated grape species contain high level acid, which limits to a certain extent, the marketing of fruits and their processing products. The objective of this study is to compare the changes of four organic acids along with grape berry development in cultivars native to China and Europe as well as...
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of few crops that can offer significant genetic gains with the utilization of genetic diversity. Genetically broad-based germplasm has the potential to contribute useful and unique alleles to U.S. Corn Belt breeding programs not present in current U.S. genome sequences (e.g. B73, NAM, etc.). Our objectives were to determine if unique tropical genetic materials have been...
Increasing crop yield is a major challenge in modern agriculture. Thus, the relationships between yield and its impact traits in cotton breeding need to be studied. A genetic model with additive, dominance, and their interaction effect with environment was used to analyze the two-year data of 20 parents and 100 F1 hybrids from a 10 × 10 diallel cross (North Carolina II design) in intraspecific upland...
The cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) line KTP116A developed at Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China, was sterile at temperatures below 18 °C and fertile at temperatures above 20 °C during Zadok’s growth stages 45–52. The possibility of a two-line system has a promising future for hybrid wheat production. The present study describes morphological differences in pollen...
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