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Climate change is projected to have a serious impact on the yield potential of rice in tropical as well as in temperate countries. It is therefore essential to develop rice varieties which are climate change ready and with stable yield when grown under low inputs of irrigation water and fertilizer. In this study, the effects of the shift from temperate to tropical environment as well as the different...
Tomato is affected by a large number of arthropod pests, among which the whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) is considered to be one of the most destructive. Several accessions of the wild species of Solanum galapagense, including accession LA1401, are considered resistant to whitefly (B. tabaci). This resistance has been associated with the presence of type IV glandular trichomes on the leaf surface. Our research...
Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are highly informative and widely used in genetic studies and plant breeding. Sporobolus virginicus is a halophytic turf grass that shows a high tolerance to salinity of up to 1.5 M NaCl. In the present study, we developed 148,411 SSR markers on 48,512 transcriptome contigs derived from RNA sequencing data. Of 33 randomly selected SSR markers, 23 (69.7%) produced...
Avena sativa L. subsp. nudisativa has the ability to produce naked grains. Genetic studies on the naked trait of oat began over a century ago, but the genetic and molecular factors associated with the expression of this trait have not been fully clarified. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the naked trait in two oat populations of recombinant inbred lines (RILs), to determine the number...
Waterlogging tolerance (WT) is a major objective in chrysanthemum breeding programs, and although certain genotypes with different tolerance levels have been identified, their value as parents for WT breeding is unknown. Here, twelve F1 crosses derived from an incomplete diallel mating scheme were conducted to investigate combining ability and heterosis for WT and their relationships with parental...
Cotton is an important crop in the textile, food and pharmaceutical industries. In the present study, a panel of 108 elite cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) lines was genotyped with 177 genome-wide SSR markers to assess genetic diversity, linkage disequilibrium, population structure and association analyses. A total of 967 loci were assayed and the lines fell into four main groups with a mean genetic...
The yellow vein mosaic virus (YVMV) is one of the most serious diseases in okra production, often causing severe losses in commercial fields. Identifying and deploying resistant genotypes and understanding the inheritance of YVMV disease resistance are essential for the okra geneticists to develop an effective breeding strategy. Genetic control of the host resistance to YVMV disease of okra was studied...
Main stem height (MSH) and the first lateral branch length (LBL) of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) are important traits affecting plant shape and yield. Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to these two traits, the prediction and cloning of candidate genes, and identification of plant height-related molecular markers are the basis for analysis of the molecular genetic mechanism of...
The infection of Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) by the root parasite Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford & Oliveira, the reniform nematode, results in massive annual yield losses throughout the southeastern United States and portions of Texas. Resistance to reniform nematode was identified in the photoperiodic G. barbadense L. accession GB713. Previous research identified three quantitative...
Compact growth is an important quality criterion in horticulture. Many Campanula species and cultivars exhibit elongated growth which is suppressed by chemical retardation and cultural practice during production to accommodate to the consumer’s desire. The production of compact plants via transformation with wild type Agrobacterium rhizogenes is an approach with great potential to produce plants that...
Papaya is a productive and nutritious fruit grown in tropical and sub-tropical regions worldwide. It is polygamous with three sex types: female, male and hermaphrodite. Sex determination in papaya is controlled by an XY sex chromosome system with two slightly different Y chromosomes, Y for males and Yh for hermaphrodites. Comparative analysis of the hermaphrodite-specific region of Yh chromosome (HSY)...
Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility (Ogu-CMS) is widely used in the production of commercial hybrids of Brassica oleracea. However, the widespread application of the Ogu-CMS system in B. oleracea has hindered the germplasm innovation of Ogu-CMS resources due to the lack of a natural restorer line. Previously, the Ogu-CMS fertility-restored interspecific hybrids between rapeseed 15Y403 (2n = 38, AACC)...
Brown planthopper (BPH) has emerged as one of the most devastating pests of rice in several Asian countries. Cultivation of planthopper resistant varieties is an ecologically acceptable strategy. A population of 255 F2:3 families from the cross Taichung Native 1/ARC10550 was used to map BPH resistance with 106 polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers. The inheritance pattern of different traits...
Sugarcane is a crop which is primarily grown between 30°N and 30°S latitude in tropical environments. Small areas of production in sub-tropical regions exist, and there is an increasing desire to produce the crop in colder environments. Cold-tolerant sugarcane is important both to the sub-tropical sugarcane industries and potential biofuels producers who seek to use sugarcane as a feedstock. Selection...
Numerous stripe rust resistance genes have been identified from wheat, and new virulent races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici have also emerged in recent years. Deployment of diverse combinations of resistance genes is an efficient way to combat virulent evolution of strip rust pathogen. In this study, publically available molecular markers were used to identify the distribution of 36 Yr genes...
Viburnum is an important genus in horticulture with great ornamental value. Interspecific hybridisations between Viburnum species are made with the aim to enlarge the assortment with more diverse flower colours. However, interspecific pre- and postzygotic crossing barriers hamper the success of breeding efforts. In this study we evaluated the occurrence of interspecific barriers in the cross between...
Rust caused by Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers., Pers.) Unger is one of the major foliar diseases of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Uganda. The use of host resistance remains the best option in managing this disease. The objective of this study was to identify sources of broad-spectrum rust resistance in common bean germplasm including landraces, commercial cultivars and introduced genotypes using...
It has been suggested that the non-allelic lg2 and Lgt alleles, that confer liguleless phenotypes, are present in chromosome 2D. We hypothesized that the naturally occurring liguleless phenotype present in polyploid wheat was a typical example of loss of dominant duplicated alleles, a process that has been described as genetic diploidisation. In the present study, we obtained the base sequence of...
A total of 140 diverse spring wheat lines were characterized for agronomic and physiological traits under hot field conditions, and a subset of thirteen were selected for dark leaf respiration studies (Rd). These genetic resources included synthetic-derived lines, landraces, landrace-derived lines, bread wheats, and durum wheats. Initial phenotyping showed that better heat-adapted genotypes (best...
Hybrid breeding is an efficient system to break the yield barriers in many crops. For an effective hybrid seed production, a pool of male parental lines with appropriate anther extrusion (AE) ensuring pollen shedding outside the florets for efficient cross fertilization is required. We investigated the genetic architecture of AE using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and examined the potential...
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