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Water deficit stress (WDS) is a serious constraint to wheat productivity in rain-fed and limited irrigation environments. Identifying genomic regions responsible for grain yield (GY) under WDS will aid in understanding the genetics of drought tolerance (DT) and development of DT cultivars. A population of 206 recombinant inbred lines derived from WL711/C306 was phenotyped for GY and related...
Androgenesis is an efficient method of producing doubled haploids (DHs) in plant breeding programs. DH plants derived from the F 1 (broccoli × white-headed cabbage) are valuable for accelerating the transfer of excellent genes and increasing biodiversity of species via isolated microspore culture (IMC). Therefore, this study investigated the developmental process of embryogenesis...
Sclerotinia blight, caused by soil-borne fungus Sclerotinia minor Jagger, is one of the destructive diseases in groundnut. Pathogen affected plants usually displays lesions, wilt and collapse which cause high yield losses. Traditional field screening is time and resources consuming. Molecular markers associated with resistance genes offer an alternative selection technique which...
Identification of germplasm sources of waxy corn ( Zea mays L. var. ceratina ) with high variability for anthocyanins, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity is an important phase for waxy corn breeding for improvement of useful phytochemicals. The objectives of this study were to evaluate 49 genotypes of waxy corn for color parameters, monomeric anthocyanin content...
Increasing biomass accumulation is becoming a major objective of most bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) breeding programs worldwide. This study addresses the changes caused by breeding in the pattern of wheat growth and its relationship with the presence of Rht dwarfing alleles. A historical series of 16 varieties representative of the most widely grown during the...
Two male sterile lines (Ms-1, Ms-2) and ten inbred lines (K3, K4, K5, K8, K13, K15, K17, K20, K30, K33) were crossed according to Comstock and Robinson’s (in: Gowen (ed.) Heterosis, 1952) North Carolina Design II to estimate heterosis, combining ability, heritability and the phenotypic correlation coefficient for 11 ornamental characteristics of Tagetes patula . Twenty cross combinations...
Low temperature inhibits seedling emergence and early vegetative growth of rice ( Oryza sativa L.), especially in cultivars of the subspecies indica, which are the most productive in the temperate region of South America. To improve breeding efficiency, we identified molecular markers associated with cold response related phenotypes, such as membrane integrity, photoinhibition...
The genetic basis of resistance to Rhynchosporium commune was investigated in a winter barley mapping population derived from a cross between cultivars Saffron (moderately susceptible) and Retriever (moderately resistant). Resistance was assessed in field trials through total infection (measured using qPCR), and visible disease symptoms. Phenotypic correlations between both methods...
Fast neutron (FN) bombardment is a powerful mutagen that can be effectively employed for functional genomics studies in the post-genome era. In soybean, dwarfism is a desirable agricultural characteristic that improves lodging resistance. In the present study, we selected a dwarf mutant soybean among approximately 10,000 M 4 progeny lines derived from FN-irradiated seeds of cultivar...
The present study aimed to estimate genetic parameters in order to assess heritability, predict genetic gains, and establish genetic and phenotypic correlations among yield-related traits of 22 families of Heveabrasiliensis (Willd. ex. Adr. de Juss.) Muell-Arg, selected phenotypically for yield. Three early measurements were carried out for the traits dry rubber yield...
Flowering time and crop duration are the most important traits for adaptation of chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) to different agro-climatic conditions. Early flowering and early maturity enhance adaptation of chickpea to short season environments. This study was conducted to establish allelic relationships of the early flowering genes of ICC 16641, ICC 16644 and ICCV 96029 with three...
The relationship between crop height and yield is complex with genes and genetic markers for greater height associated with both increases and decreases in yield. As a result of this the optimum height for maximum potential yield is not well understood and has been estimated at between 70 and 100 cm. This study investigated the effect of plant breeding on the height of UK winter wheat varieties by...
Salinity is a major constraint to the sustainability and expansion of maize cultivation. Plant salt tolerance is a quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. In the present study, we constructed a high density genetic map based on high quality SNP markers from 161 F 2:5 recombinant inbred line populations derived from the cross between two maize inbred lines contrasting in...
The aphids Rhopalosiphum padi L. and Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) are destructive pests of wheat ( Triticumaestivum L.). In field trials in north-west Mexico, we examined the development of R. padi and S. graminum populations on six wheat genotypes that had previously been assessed for aphid resistance under controlled conditions...
The salt stress responses of wheat–barley addition lines (2H, 3H, 3HS, 4H, 6H, 7H and 7HL) were compared to those of the parental genotypes wheat cv. Asakaze and barley cv. Manas and two other wheat genotypes [Chinese Spring (CS) and Mv9kr1] during germination and in young plants grown in hydroponic culture with or without salt treatment. Among the wheat genotypes frequently used for interspecific...
Polyploidy has played an important role in Populus breeding because allopolyploid trees generally display characteristics of increased height growth over diploids, and tree growth is determined by cell division and expansion in the apical region. However, the transcriptome characteristics of the shoot apical meristem involved in stem segment elongation and plant height growth remain unclear. In this...
Cotton is a leading natural fiber crop in the textile industry worldwide. The improvement of cotton fiber quality has become more important because of changes in spinning technology and ever-increasing demands. Mapping quantitative trait locus (QTL) for fiber quality traits will enable molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) to improve fiber quality and provide an access to reveal the molecular...
Sugarcane brown rust, caused by Puccinia melanocephala, is one of the major sugarcane diseases. The detection of molecular markers associated to brown rust resistance and also of its epistatic interactions were investigated in a mapping population obtained by crossing the brown rust susceptible clone IACSP953018 and the resistant cultivar IACSP933046. Resistance was evaluated in a field trial in plant...
The RWA, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov), is a devastating insect pest of wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) and barley (Hordeumvulgare) in the United States and in many parts of the world. The use of D. noxia-resistant cultivars is an economically useful approach for protecting cereals from this aphid. However, there are few genes conferring resistance to the most predominant US biotype...
Tibetan semi-wild wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. tibetanum Shao) is a hexaploid wheat resource distributed only in Tibet that has an interesting type of seed dormancy in addition to hulled glumes and brittle spikelets. A whole-genome linkage map of T. aestivum ssp. tibetanum was constructed for a population of 186 recombinant inbred lines using 645 diversity array technology (DArT) markers, 127 simple...
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