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Southern hybridization and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) have demonstrated that ‘Purissima’ (2n = 2x = 24) is an interspecific hybrid comprised of one genome of Tulipa (T.) gesneriana and one genome of T. fosteriana. Backcrossing T. gesneriana with ‘Purissima’ was partially successful. Simultaneous GISH and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) distinguished chromosomes from both parent...
The Latvian and the Swedish sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) genetic resources collections comprise valuable material for breeding. The collections represent local Latvian and Scandinavian genetic resources: semi-wild samples, landraces, and cultivars developed in local breeding programmes, as well as diverse germplasm from the northern temperate zone. The objective of this investigation was to determine...
Improved water use efficiency (WUE, the ratio of dry matter produced to water used) can potentially result in yield improvement in water-limited environments. Genetic variation in WUE can be exploited by carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) in C3 species. In order to improve WUE and its associated traits, it is necessary to understand the genetic systems controlling the expression of these traits. A...
The S-genotypes of 16 apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars native to China were determined by the S-allele PCR approach and the results were confirmed by cross-pollination tests among these cultivars. Primer combination EM-PC2consFD + EM-PC3consR, based on the conserved regions C2 and C3 of RosaceousS-RNase genes, was the most useful primer combination for identifying Chinese apricot S-alleles...
For decades, seedling peaches have been used as the standard rootstock in California almond orchards. Vigorous, deep rooted trees are needed in almond orchards for maximum yields and to withstand the annual tree-shaking at harvest. Currently, researchers are actively evaluating rootstocks for almonds in field trials and in various screening protocols. In this study, seedling rootstocks, obtained from...
Most fenugreek, Trigonella foenum-graecum L. suitable for western Canada exhibit an indeterminate growth habit and take about 120 days to produce a good proportion of high quality seed. Late maturity is a major inconvenience for seed producers in temperate climates prevalent in this region where plants must mature within a much shorter growing season. The objective of this study was to develop early...
Heterogeneous environments make it difficult to apply consistent selection pressure because often it is difficult to identify a single or a few superior genotypes across all sets of conditions. However, when the target system is characterized by heterogeneity of environmental stress, varieties developed in high-yielding conditions may fail to satisfy farmers’ needs. Although this type of system is...
We reported earlier that somaclonal variant HS (HS), regenerated from Prunus avium `Hedelfinger’ (H) leaf explants, showed reduced apical dominance both in vitro and in vivo. In this report we found that the somaclone HS, showed reduced vegetative vigour as determined by trunk circumference and tree height nevertheless natural architecture of the tree was preserved. HS canopy was less crowded as to...
The time course of cannabinoid accumulation in the leaves of individual plants of three Cannabis accessions was determined by gas-chromatographic analysis in greenhouse-grown plants. The total amounts and the concentration ratios of CBD, THC and CBG were determined; two accessions (an experimental hybrid, (21R × 15R) × NL, and plants from a seized seed lot) were found chemotypically uniform, with...
The knowledge of agro-morphological diversity and the distribution pattern of variation among conserved accessions could be an invaluable aid in germplasm management and crop improvement strategies. In this study, the geographical pattern of morphological variation of 880 landrace rice (Oryza sativa (L.)) accessions in Côte d’Ivoire was evaluated for 13 agro-morphological characters. Shannon –weaver...
Near-isogenic lines (NILs) constitute valuable tools in genetic investigations and plant breeding programs. Conventional methods for developing these are time consuming and tedious. An innovative method for identifying NILs is proposed and validated. The method involves computation of simple correlation coefficients of all possible pairs of genotypes within a mapping population using molecular marker...
The present work was conducted to identify microsatellite markers linked to the rice blast resistance gene Pi-1(t) for a marker-assisted selection program. Twenty-four primer pairs corresponding to 19 microsatellite loci were selected from the Gramene database (www. gramene.org) considering their relative proximity to Pi-1(t) gene in the current rice genetic map. Progenitors and DNA bulks of resistant...
Modern rice varieties that ushered in the green revolution brought about dramatic increase in rice production worldwide but at the cost of genetic diversity at the farmers’ fields. The wild species germplasm can be used for broadening the genetic base and improving productivity. Mining of alleles at productivity QTL from related wild species under simultaneous backcrossing and evaluation, accompanied...
Outcrossing or cross hybridization is a potential concern in herbicide-resistant crop management strategies such as in the Clearfield™ rice system. Recent studies have shown that the mutated acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene that confers resistance to imazethapyr (Newpath) herbicide can be transferred from Clearfield rice cultivars via cross pollination under field conditions to weedy red rice. Resistance...
Backcrossing is a trait introgression method of renewed importance in crops. The evolution of introgressed or substituted segments through backcross generations has been analyzed theoretically using simulations. In this study, the content of donor genomes, including donor segment number (DSN), donor segment length (DSL), and donor genome size (DGS), were directly analyzed in six crosses over three...
‘Drought avoidance’ and ‘drought tolerance’ are two mechanisms by which plants adapt under water stress. These mechanisms are difficult to evaluate separately in field experiments. Using hydroponic culture, we studied the genetic control of drought tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) without the effect of drought avoidance. A backcross inbred population of ‘Akihikari’ (lowland cultivar) × ‘IRAT109’...
The analysis of phenotyping experiments for transgenics deserves special attention. Experiments set up for the detection of interesting phenotypes among transgenic plants have to screen several primary events obtained by transforming with a particular transgene, since expression levels of the transgene differ considerably. Agronomically most interesting lines might have an intermediate level of transgene...
The genetic relationship among three cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) systems, consisting of WA, Dissi, and Gambiaca, was studied. The results showed that the maintainers of one CMS system can also maintain sterility in other cytoplasmic backgrounds. The F1 plants derived from crosses involving A and R lines of the respective cytoplasm and their cross-combination with other CMS systems showed similar...
This study was to determine the agronomic and genetic characteristics of a novel rice dominant dwarf mutant 986083D (japonica) and its potential in breeding. 986083D derived from the anther culture of an autotetraploid indica/japonica hybrid and its progeny segregated into normal and dwarf plants. Homozygous and heterozygous 986083D plants looked similar phenotypically, showing shortened stature,...
Rice, one of most important crops, is emerging not only as a model plant for molecular biological studies in cereal crops, but also as a model system for hybrid breeding methodologies, which include three-line system, two-line system and one-line system, corresponding to inter-varietal heterosis, inter-subspecific heterosis and heterosis of distant hybridization based on enhancing heterosis level,...
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