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Two alleles, Glu-A1r encoding high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin subunits 39+40 and Glu-A1s encoding HMW glutenin subunits 41+42, were introgressed to bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Sicco from two accessions of T. boeoticum Boiss. ssp. thaoudar (A genome species, 2n=2x=14). Alleles at Glu-A1 in current commercial bread wheats encode zero or one subunit, and alleles at the homoeoloci Glu-B1...
Winter hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was crossed with Aegilops variabilis to transfer resistance to powdery mildew into wheat. Following two backcrosses to wheat and from 5 to 9 generations of selfing, several disomic addition and substitution lines of hexaploid wheat resistant to the mildew pathogen were isolated. A pair of short satellited chromosomes was always observed in the resistant...
The effectiveness of early generation selection under low and high plant density was evaluated in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). For this, the faba bean cv. 'Polycarpe' was pollinated by eight higher yielding cultivars of different origin. The F1's and F2's together with 'Polycarpe' and the pollinator with the highest yielding ability (cv. 'Effe') were evaluated under high plant density with adjacent...
A rapid and efficient method of in vitro plant regeneration for large scale propagation of male sterile plants of niger (Guizotia abyssinica) was developed. Leaf segments from mature plants were cultured on Murashige & Skoog's basal medium (MS) supplemented with N6-benzyladenine (BA) and kinetin individually and in combination with low concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA); and α-Naphthaleneacetic...
Two cycles of selection (3rd and 4th) were carried out in a diploid population of alfalfa to improve the frequency of 2n gametes. All the plants produced unreduced gametes, except one in the 2n egg population. The average seed set, used as a measure of 2n gametes production, increased significantly in the 2n pollen selection. Conversely, the increase was not significant in the case of 2n eggs. The...
The inheritance of resistance to clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, in Brassica oleracea was studied in the F1, F2and backcross progenies of four crosses between resistant and susceptible doubled haploid lines. The disease severity was scored visually on a 0–3 scale of symptom grades. These were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The qualitative analysis involved the conversion...
Shoot-tip explants of evergreen azalea cv. Fuchsia grown on Anderson's medium and containing different cytokinins produced the highest proliferation rate on a medium containing thidiazuron (TDZ). TDZ concentrations ranging from 0.23 to 2.3 μM resulted in both good bud-break rate (4 to 5) and shoot quality (> 0.5 cm in length). Adding 2.3 μM zeatin to Anderson's medium containing 0.23 or 2.3 μM...
The inheritance of resistance to clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae in Brassica oleracea was studied in the F1, F2and backcross progenies of three crosses between resistant and susceptible doubled haploid lines. Fresh weights of affected (CW) and healthy (HRW) parts of the root system were measured and R = ln((HRW+0.5)/(CW+0.5)) was used as a measure of resistance. R was shown to have a...
In a previous study (Dörffling et al., J. Plant Physiol. 142, 222–225, 1993) in vitro-selection and regeneration of hydroxyproline (Hyp)-resistant lines of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Jo 3063) with increased frost tolerance and increased proline contents was reported. In this study the heritability of these traits was investigated. The F 1progenies derived from the pollination of regenerated...
Analyses of a 12 × 12 diallel cross among inbred lines of Primula vulgaris disclosed considerable genetic variation for seed set, with differences between floral morphs accounting for 37.3% of the total variation. The differences between morphs agree with those reported elsewhere, with intra-thrum crosses being almost sterile, and intra-pin crosses relatively fertile. Inter-morph crosses produced...
Using the ancient, but under-researched, lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) as an example, the paper charts the spread of the crop from its origins in the Near East arc to its current distribution and reviews the patterns of variation found in its land races to draw lessons for crop improvement. Geographic differentiation of land races is known for sensitivity to temperature and photoperiod in flowering...
In fruit breeding, the selection is often based on individual plant performance, therefore, the expected proportion of offspring having genotypic values exceeding a given critical value (EP) was estimated for soluble solids content (SSC) in Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.). A simple model was used in the study: the mean value of offspring in a full-sib family is solely determined by the...
Crosses between pearl millet lines and Pennisetum ramosum, P. schweinfurthii, P. squamulatum or Cenchrus ciliaris were observed for the frequency and development of zygotes, the possibility of embryo rescue, and the fertility of F1 hybrids obtained. Eight per cent of the ovules from diploid millet × P. ramosum crosses showed small embryos which could not be rescued. However, 59% of the ovules from...
Male-sterility in peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) was first documented in the 1950's. Since then considerable knowledge has been accumulated on the nature of the trait, the means of its identification and induction, inheritance of both genic and cytoplasmic genic male-sterility, its line maintenance, and the potential for breeding hybrid cultivars. Today, several internationally known seed companies...
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important food in the northwest of Spain where it is consumed as either green pods or dry seeds after cooking. Quality properties play a major role in cultivar acceptance by processors and consumers. To determine if sufficient variation in important culinary and nutritional traits exists within common bean, fifty-nine populations (plus five commercial cultivars)...
Stability of the genetic divergence among five non-commercial cacao cultivars at advanced ages was investigated over a five-year period (1986–1990). Cluster analysis was performed on five yield components measured on harvests from each crop year and on the data pooled over five years. The temporal stability was assessed by using clustering procedure, which involved the calculation Mahalanobis distance...
A database has been developed for the collections of wild and cultivated potatoes examined by the author in the world herbaria and in his own collections. A total of some 9,000 collections were examined, amounting to approximately 27,000 herbarium sheets when duplicates in different herbaria were taken into account. The information is arranged in twenty-one fields and the system used is DBase IV,...
Sclerotinia crown and stem rot is the most destructive disease on red clover in areas with cool seasons including North America and Europe. An artificial inoculation test in controlled conditions has been developed in order to evaluate resistance to this fungus in individual plants. Measured drops of ascospore suspension were applied to detached clover leaflets and disease severity scored on a visual...
Exotic germplasm may be useful for the improvement of agronomic performance of barley breeding material. This study was conducted in order 1) to evaluate if it is possible to improve performance of Nordic barley breeding material by utilizing exotic germplasm sources (unadapted landraces and H. spontaneum), 2) to evaluate incorporation of exotic germplasm into a genetic base widely adapted to the...
Researchers have conclusively shown that Sinapis alba (commonly known as yellow mustard) has many agronomic traits which would be beneficial if transferred to rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.). S. alba is resistant or tolerant to all major insect pests of Brassica crops in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States of America. It is also tolerant of high temperatures and drought stress, is shatter...
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