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Genetically diverse germplasm is needed to increase frequency of favorable alleles of economically important traits in maize improvement. The objectives of this study were to determine the genetic components involved in grain yield and grain quality traits, and provide preliminary assessment of useful heterotic groups and patterns from a large sample of maize populations adapted to the northern U...
The production of doubled haploid (DH) lines has become a key technology in maize (Zea mays L.) research and breeding. However, most of the haploid plants are sterile and in many cases artificial chromosome doubling involves the use of costly and toxic chemicals. Here, we report a special kind of doubled haploid named the early doubled haploid (EH) that was generated directly by in vivo haploid induction...
Marker assisted backcrossing breeding has become one of the essential tools in transferring novel genes to adapted varieties and was employed to pyramid three blast resistance genes Pi1, Pi2 and Pi33 to a popular susceptible rice variety ADT43. Gene pyramiding process was facilitated by marker aided selection for both foreground as well as background genotype. Previously reported linked molecular...
The genetic background of Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance in the moderately resistant wheat variety Frontana was investigated in the GK Mini Manó/Frontana DH population (n = 168). The plant material was evaluated across seven epidemic environments for FHB, Fusarium-damaged kernel (FDK) and deoxynivalenol (DON) contents caused by two Fusarium species (F. culmorum and F. graminearum). The effects...
Identification and mapping new powdery mildew resistance (Pm) genes is important for resistance breeding in wheat. Common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) line X3986-2 was tested against 27 isolates of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici. To identify the Pm gene(s) in X3986-2, an F2 population and its derived F2:3 lines were developed from a cross between X3986-2 and susceptible line Mingxian169. Segregation...
Drought stress is severely damaging during seedling stage of rice (Oryza sativa L.), which can lead to significant yield reductions. Dongxiang common wild rice (Oryzarufipogon Griff., hereafter referred to as DXWR), with strong drought resistance, could be a favorable genetic resource to improve the drought resistance of cultivated rice. Xieqingzao B (O.sativa L. ssp. indica, hereafter referred...
Fusarium head blight (FHB) remains a serious problem that causes yield and grain quality losses, and mycotoxin accumulation in wheat production in western Japan. A 3-year field trial with artificial FHB inoculation was conducted to evaluate varietal characteristics of FHB resistance among 31 wheat cultivars/lines cultivated in western Japan, including one standard line. Severity of FHB, frequency...
Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by Mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph Septoria tritici, syn. Zymoseptoria tritici), is present in most wheat-growing areas worldwide. Resistance breeding appears to be the most sensible approach to disease control. An attempt was made to identify loci associated with resistance to STB in a resistant winter wheat cultivar Liwilla. In the study we used a set of...
Spike length (SL) is one of the most important components of spike morphology, and the uppermost internode represents an ideal organ to study the transportation system. We performed conditional and unconditional quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping in two unrelated recombinant inbred line populations to precisely detect QTLs for uppermost internode length (UIL) and SL, and to dissect the genetic...
Whitebacked planthopper (WBPH) along with brown planthopper (BPH) has emerged as a major pest of rice in several Asian countries. Development and cultivation of varieties resistant to both planthoppers is an ecologically acceptable strategy to manage these pests. Sinna Sivappu, a Sri Lankan landrace, was reported to be resistant to both planthoppers. While inheritance of BPH resistance has been reported,...
Salinity is a major constraint affecting rice productivity in rainfed and irrigated agro-ecosystems. Understanding salinity effects on rice production at the reproductive stage could improve adaptation for this trait. Identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling adaptation to salinity may also accelerate breeding rice germplasm for environments prone to this stress. We used the salt tolerant...
Gossypium barbadense L is an important genetic resource to improve fiber quality of Gossypium hirsutum L., but breeders have generally encountered difficulties in introgression following whole genome crosses primarily due to genomic incompatibility, complex genetic basis and low efficiency of phenotypic evaluation and selection on fiber quality. Chromosome segment substitution lines (CSILs) are a...
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seeds contain a high proportion of tocopherols (>90 %) in the α-tocopherol form. A mutant with a high concentration of γ-tocopherol (>85 %) was identified in germplasm of wild safflower (Carthamus oxyacanthus M. Bieb.) that showed strong introgression of C. tinctorius, which allowed selection of individuals of both species with high concentrations of either...
An investigation was carried out with 25 populations of Rauwolfia serpentina to assess variability, association of yield components and their direct and indirect effects on yield. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among 25 populations of R. serpentina for all the traits. Heritability estimates in broad sense were high for most of the traits and moderate for number of primary root...
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is an important perennial forage crop in Europe. Unfortunately, seed production of modern cultivars is often unsatisfactory and breeding progress for higher seed yield is slow. We evaluated whether marker assisted parentage analysis could identify progeny plants with two high seed-yielding parents in a diploid selection trial. Furthermore, we studied if breeding...
Radiation mutant 415-1, which is the first known diploid pollen-part self-compatible mutant of pears (Pyrus spp.), has a decreased ability to produce pollen. To determine whether the self-compatibility trait is associated with this defect, we directly analyzed the genotypes of individual pollen grains by using polymerase chain reaction amplification of DNA from single pollen grains. We isolated single...
One hundred and eighty six F1 plants from a ‘Regent’ × ‘RedGlobe’ cross were used to generate a partial linkage map with 139 microsatellite markers spanning all 19 chromosomes. Phenotypic scores for downy mildew, taken over two years, confirmed a major resistance QTL (Rpv3) against downy mildew in the interval VVIN16-cjvh to UDV108 on chromosome 18 of ‘Regent’. This locus explained up to 62 % of the...
Orphan crops have played a major role in daily diet, health nourishment, economy and livelihood of marginal farmers in under developed and developing world. For various reasons, the majority of these crops including finger millet and tef in cereals; lentil, cowpea and groundnut in legumes; cassava and yam in root crops; have remained neglected and underutilized. With little or no investment these...
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