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Breeding for resistance was considered one of the possible ways to limit the damages caused by the epidemics of Dutch elm disease (DED) during the last century. The elm breeding program developed by CNR in Italy was based on the idea that the Mediterranean environment would need its own specific selections. A base broadening of the genetic resources was operated. A base of native elms with a set of...
Primitive cottons (Gossypium spp.) represent resources for genetic improvement. Most primitive accessions are photoperiod sensitive; they do not flower under the long days of the U.S. cotton belt. Molecular markers were used to locate quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for node of first fruiting branch (NFB), a trait closely related to flowering time in cotton. An F2 population consisted of 251 plants...
Fruit quality attributes were studied for two consecutive years in forty-three apricot cultivars and selections grown in a Mediterranean climate. Physical parameters (weight, size, flesh and skin colour, percentage of blush, firmness and percentage of dry matter), chemical parameters (total soluble solids content and acidity) and sensory parameters (attractiveness, taste, aroma and texture) were evaluated...
Many winter stresses affect the ability of a perennial grass to overwinter in cold, temperate climates. Freezing tolerance is one of the major component traits affecting winterhardiness. Although effective freezing tolerance assessment procedures have long been available for perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), no work has been done to characterize plant collections in the United States that may...
Self-incompatibility (SI) is a mechanism that prevents self-pollination and inbreeding in many flowering plant species. SI in Lolium perenne is controlled by two multi-allelic loci, S and Z. SI has important consequences for L. perenne breeding as it prevents the efficient production of inbred lines and hybrids. In this study, the cDNA-AFLP approach was used to identify key components of the SI response,...
In the colder parts of the United States (north of 32° N latitude and east of 92° W longitude), in late winter after disappearance of snow cover, red clover (Trifolium pratense) is often broadcast seeded into forage legume-depleted grass pastures to increase pasture forage quality. This method of establishment is referred to as frost seeding. However, in an estimated 30–40% of frost seeded pastures...
There is a strong link between formal plant breeding and seed supply. In developed countries, it was the emergence of systematic plant breeding that generated new named varieties and stimulated organized seed multiplication and marketing by commercial companies. In developing countries likewise, the experience of the ‘Green Revolution’ in the 1960’s led to the establishment in the following decade...
The genetics of disease resistance, winter hardiness, spring bloom date, fruit set, ovule set, fruit size, and photoperiod sensitivity was investigated in crosses between sets of elite selections of F. virginiana and F. chiloensis in Minnesota and Ontario. In Minnesota, family means varied considerably for all traits except ovule set. For all other traits, general combining ability was significant...
We previously reported that the maize pollen-specific gene Zm401 functions in anther development. In this study, a Zm401’s ortholog Si401 was amplified and cloned from foxtail millet (Setaria italica). Zm401 and Si401 are highly conserved with 99% of their coding sequences identical to each other. Southern blot and RT-PCR analysis reveal that Si401 has only one copy in the genome and is expressed...
Isatis tinctoria L. was cultivated until the 19th century to produce indigo, a natural blue pigment used principally for dyestuffs. The current search for alternative crops and interest in natural products has led to reconsidering I. tinctoria as a crop to be grown in marginal areas to produce natural indigo. To reintroduce I. tinctoria into cultivation, its behaviour under different climatic conditions...
The genus Kalanchoe is currently divided into section Kalanchoe and section Bryophyllum, and there has been no successful report on the production of inter-sectional hybrids. Therefore, reciprocal crosses were made between Kalanchoe spathulata (sect. Kalanchoe) and K. laxiflora (sect. Bryophyllum) in order to obtain basic information on the reproductive barriers between these two sections. The seeds...
This research was conducted to study the genetic diversity in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) using agro-morphological traits and RAPD markers. Sixteen selected lines derived from landraces growing in various agro-climatic regions of Iran along with four exotic genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications under field conditions. Days to emergence, days...
Wild Aegilops species related to cultivated wheat (Triticum spp.) possess numerous genes of agronomic interest and can be valuable sources of resistance to diseases, pests and extreme environmental factors. These genes can be incorporated into the wheat genome via intergeneric crossing, following, where necessary, the development of chromosome addition and substitution lines from the resulting hybrids...
Resistance to grain yellowberry in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) was investigated using generation mean analysis in four resistant or intermediate-resistant X susceptible crosses. Significant differences in resistance were observed between generations in all crosses. Generation mean analysis indicated a complex gene action controlling this trait, with additive, dominance and epistatic effects...
In quantitative studies of the shapes of plant organs, evaluation methods based on image analysis in terms of Fourier translation and principal component analysis have been recognized as important and useful methods. However, these methods cannot be used to evaluate the degree of bending of grass-type leaves. In this study, we provide a novel quantitative evaluation method that has been developed...
Drought is one of the major factors limiting barley yields in many developing countries worldwide. The identification of molecular markers linked to genes controlling drought tolerance in barley is one way to improve breeding efficiency. In this study, we analyzed the quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence in 194 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed...
A set of 105 European wheat cultivars was assessed for seedling resistance and adult plant resistance (APR) to stripe (yellow) rust in greenhouse and field tests with selected Australian isolates of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). Twelve cultivars were susceptible to all pathotypes, and among the remainder, 11 designated seedling genes (Yr1, Yr3, Yr4, Yr6, Yr7, Yr9, Yr17, Yr27, Yr32, YrHVII...
In wheat, a shorter pre-anthesis phase is often associated with increased grain protein content (GPC) but decreased grain yield. Cultivar differences in pre-anthesis development are mainly determined by vernalization requirement, photoperiod sensitivity and earliness per se. This research examines whether cultivar differences in these traits affect GPC, especially whether the three traits can partially...
Fusarium head blight (FHB), or scab, is a devastating wheat disease worldwide, reducing both grain yield and quality. The percentage of Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK) directly reflects the damage level caused by scab on wheat grains and its variation represents the so-called type IV scab resistance in germplasm. To identify genes governing type IV resistance and investigate its relationship with other...
In this paper, we described the breeding of transgenic rice restorer line for multiple resistance against bacterial blight, striped stem borer (SSB) and herbicide by conventional crossing of two transgenic parental lines transformed independently with different genes. Two stable transgenic rice lines used as donor parents were developed, one was Zhongguo91 which contained cry1Ab gene (for insect resistance)...
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