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In the present investigation, optimal media compositions for enhancing the callus induction and subsequent plant regeneration were worked out in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. complex). The field grown somaclones were characterized for yield and quality contributing traits in comparison to donor variety CoJ 88. The MS + 2,4-D (4.0 mg/l) + kin (0.5 mg/l) + sucrose (30 g/l) was found to be the best for the...
Zingiber zerumbet (L) Smith, a wild clonal species related to the cultivated ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), is a potential resistance donor for soft rot disease in ginger caused by Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzp. In this study we evaluated the genetic diversity and P. aphanidermatum resistance of 74 Z. zerumbet accessions belonging to 15 populations from eight districts in Kerala state,...
The aim of the Integrated Cassava Project (ICP) of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture was to pre-emptively manage the cassava mosaic disease (CMD) to avert an imminent and increasing possible threat of the Ugandan strain of the CMD virus of the pathogen from doing damage to the Nigerian cassava economy. The strategy was to engage in activities that would lead to cultivar-substitution...
Sweet potato virus disease (SPVD), a result of the co-infection of whitefly transmitted Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (genus Crinivirus, family Closteroviridae) and the aphid transmitted Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae), is the most destructive disease of sweet potato in East Africa. A study was conducted to establish if genotypes identified as resistant...
The combining abilities for physical-quality traits in peanut were examined to understand the type of gene action governing these traits, and to identify peanut genotypes suitable for use as parents in breeding for quality improvement. The F1 hybrids including reciprocals from a six-parent diallel cross along with the parents were evaluated in a randomised complete block design. Data were recorded...
Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. is a parasitic weed on tropical cereals causing serious yield losses in Africa. The use of host crop varieties with improved resistance and tolerance against this parasite is a key component of an integrated control strategy. Breeding for tolerance is however seriously hampered by the absence of reliable and yet practical selection measures. The observation that the...
Reproductive output and fertility variation in teak were evaluated in five study sites in Western Ghats region of southern India. In four seed production areas (SPA1-4)) and a natural population (NAT) plots with 100 trees were investigated. The 40-year-old seed production areas are located in high rainfall (>2,500 mm) sites in Kerala state and the natural stand is at a drier location in Tamil Nadu...
Cassava (Manihot esculenta) breeding at the earlier stages so far has been mainly based on a mass phenotypic recurrent selection, as little data is taken. This has resulted in a long breeding cycle and lack of organised information on the breeding values of parental lines used in the breeding programmes. The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) recently initiated a scheme to try...
When cassava is harvested too early, it often leads to reduction in yield, while delayed harvest leads to development of woody and fibrous tuberous roots, and reduction in starch content. The optimum harvest time is not known. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of genotype, location and season on starch extraction in order to find an optimum harvest regime for cassava, and to...
Understanding complex factors controlling yield is very crucial to the improvement of cashew in major producing countries currently experiencing very low yield and consequently making cashew farming unprofitable and the whole industry unsustainable. Eleven cashew clones were evaluated for their compatibility and fruit set between 2000 and 2002 seasons, in a diallel cross using randomized complete...
The complex nature of physiological traits associated with drought tolerance and the difficulties associated with their measurements in segregating populations and large number of genotypes inhibited their use in the past in developing water-use efficient genotypes in breeding programmes. With new knowledge of easily measurable surrogates of transpiration efficiency (TE), a trait associated with drought...
Coffea canephora Pierre breeding in Côte d’Ivoire is based on indirect reciprocal recurrent selection (RRSi) using the Congolese and Guinean populations. In practice, the genotypes of each population (78 Congolese genotypes and 100 Guinean genotypes) are tested with several testers from the reciprocal population: two Guinean and three Congolese testers. These testers are heterozygous as...
The microscopic analysis of leaflet, petiole, stem and peduncle of 26 populations of 17 Trifolium species was carried out in order to examine their structural characteristics related to digestibility, to compare them between the populations of forage species and their wild relatives and to evaluate, from histological aspect, the potential of wild-growing species to be used as forages. Forage species...
The NPGS-USDA core collection with 85 accessions of red clover, an important forage species, is little described. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the diversity of a set of accessions from the core collection at the morphological and molecular level in order to extract some valuable accessions for Brazilian red clover breeding programs. Twenty-one morphological traits, collected in field...
Dinitroanilines represent a class of compounds that are widely used in herbicide formulations as they depolymerise plant microtubles, causing chromosome doubling. The potential of microtubule depolymerising herbicides trifluralin, oryzalin, and amiprophosmethyl (APM) for in vitro chromosome doubling of Rosa was studied. Five concentrations (0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 μM) and three exposure periods (12, 24...
About 19 cultivars, which had originated from backcrosses between F1 LA (Longiflorum × Asiatic) hybrids (2n = 2x = 24) as female parents and Asiatic cultivars as male parents (2n = 2x = 24), were analyzed with genomic in situ hybridization. 17 of them were triploid (2n = 3x = 36), and two aneuploid (2n = 3x + 1 = 37). The triploid cultivars had resulted from the functional 2n eggs produced by the...
Southern hybridization and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) have demonstrated that ‘Purissima’ (2n = 2x = 24) is an interspecific hybrid comprised of one genome of Tulipa (T.) gesneriana and one genome of T. fosteriana. Backcrossing T. gesneriana with ‘Purissima’ was partially successful. Simultaneous GISH and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) distinguished chromosomes from both parent...
The Latvian and the Swedish sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) genetic resources collections comprise valuable material for breeding. The collections represent local Latvian and Scandinavian genetic resources: semi-wild samples, landraces, and cultivars developed in local breeding programmes, as well as diverse germplasm from the northern temperate zone. The objective of this investigation was to determine...
Improved water use efficiency (WUE, the ratio of dry matter produced to water used) can potentially result in yield improvement in water-limited environments. Genetic variation in WUE can be exploited by carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) in C3 species. In order to improve WUE and its associated traits, it is necessary to understand the genetic systems controlling the expression of these traits. A...
The S-genotypes of 16 apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars native to China were determined by the S-allele PCR approach and the results were confirmed by cross-pollination tests among these cultivars. Primer combination EM-PC2consFD + EM-PC3consR, based on the conserved regions C2 and C3 of RosaceousS-RNase genes, was the most useful primer combination for identifying Chinese apricot S-alleles...
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