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Reactions of 12 differential cultivars to 60 isolates of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum confirmed the presence of the gamma race in Asturias (North of Spain). In addition, one new race was identified as delta-mutant. The new binary nomenclature system identify the gamma race as race 38 and the delta-mutant race as race 7. A total of 40 germplasm lines which included 32 CIAT bean accessions and 8local...
In this study, we characterized the genetic resistance of the Andean bean cultivars Kaboon and Perry Marrow and their relation to other sources of anthracnose resistance in common bean. Based on the segregation ratio (3R:1S) observed in two F2 populations we demonstrated that Kaboon carries one major dominant gene conferring resistance to races 7 and 73 of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. This gene...
Pyramiding epistatic resistance genes to improve long term disease resistance has challenged plant breeders. Indirect selection using tightly linked markers will often facilitate the breeding of desired epistatic resistance gene combinations. In common bean, the most effective strategy for broad spectrum control of the bean common mosaic virus disease is to combine I, bc-u, bc-12, bc-22, and bc-3...
Due to the importance of common bean angular leaf spotin the state of Minas Gerais-Brazil and to the greatvariability of the pathogen, Phaeoisariopsisgriseola, monitoring races becomes an important toolfor breeding programs aiming at genetic resistance.The pathogenic variability of 30 isolates of the P. griseola, collected from various locations in thestate of Minas Gerais, was studied using the followingcommon...
Breeding programmes in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) have mainly focused on performance under monoculture conditions. Interactions among cultivars and cropping systems do occur and genotypes bred for pure cropping may not be suitable for intercropping. This study was undertaken to obtain estimates of genetic parameters of quality traits for bush bean landraces grown in two cropping systems,...
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), an important food crop in Europe, America, Africa and Asia, is thought to fix only small amounts of atmospheric nitrogen. It contributes significantly to the sustainability of traditional cropping systems because of the predominance of small-scale farmers who cultivate beans in those areas. The objectives of this work were to evaluate bush bean varieties under...
Epistasis is a pervasive phenomenon in biology. Nevertheless, attempts at identifying epistatic interactions with quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses have yielded inconsistent results. In this study, we attempt to determine the genetic control of outbreeding depression and the possible role of epistasis following a wide cross in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). A recombinant inbred population,...
An experiment was undertaken to determine the stability of seed yield in 21 common bean genotypes representing three growth habits. Seven genotypes in each growth habit (determinate bush, indeterminate bush and indeterminate prostrate) were evaluated in replicated trials at three locations for three years under rain fed conditions in Ethiopia. A combined analysis of variance, stability statistics...
Characterization of crop germplasm from specific regions helps understand the patterns of genetic variation that facilitates further germplasm collection, characterization, management and their more efficient utilization in genetics, breeding and other studies. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a traditional crop in the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) where subsistence farmers have been...
In this study, we report the use of ISSR to assess genetic diversity and to determine the relationships among ten cultivars of common bean developed in Argentina and three materials from France. ISSR markers resolved two major groups corresponding to the Andean and Mesoamerican gene pools of common bean. We compared the results of previous analysis, performed with RAPD markers (Galván et al., 2001),...
Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) are separated into two distinct groups: Andean and Middle American. We identified CAL 143 as the first Andean bean with resistance to angular leaf spot disease caused by Phaeoisariopsis griseola. Angular leaf spot is the most widespread and economically important bean disease in southern and eastern Africa, and it is especially severe on the extensively grown Andean...
The main goal of this work was to introduce resistance genes for rust, caused by Uromyces appendiculatus, and anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, in an adapted common bean cultivar through marker-assisted backcrossing. DNA fingerprinting was used to select plants genetically closer to the recurrent parent which were also resistant to rust and to race 89 of C. lindemuthianum. DNA...
The inheritance of the virgata pattern of partly colored seed coats found in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) ‘Early Giant’ (EG) was studied by a series of test crosses with line 5-593 and genetic stocks developed by backcrossing selected genes into the recurrent parent 5-593, a Florida dry bean breeding line with a self-colored, black seed coat with genotype T Z Bip P [C r] J G B V Rk. Analysis...
Allelism tests and molecular marker analyses were combined to characterize the genes that, proceeding from the germplasm lines ‘A493’ and ‘A321’, confer resistance to bean anthracnose in the new breeding lines ‘A1220’ and ‘A1231’, respectively, developed through backcross breeding, using the dry bean landrace ‘Andecha’ as the recurrent parent. Allelism tests indicate that resistance to race 38 of...
Approaches are needed to broaden the genetic base and improve earliness and yield potential of large-seeded beans under sustainable cropping systems. The objective of this research was to develop adapted dwarf bean populations having a commercial seed quality and yield suitable for the production in the South of Europe. The original base populations were produced from crosses between genotypes within...
Scarce information about genetic control of root traits in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) impedes a more effective exploitation of the reported variability for plant breeding. This work investigated the inheritance of traits related to the root system and P absorption of common bean grown under limited soil P supply. Two experiments were carried out, each one involving one family of crosses comprising...
Angular leaf spot is one of the major diseases of the common bean. The extensive genetic variability of this pathogen requires the constant development of new resistant cultivars. Different sources of resistance have been identified and characterized. For the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, four main resistance sources were found: Mexico 54, AND 277, MAR 2 and Cornell 49-242. Independent characterization...
Summary Breeding for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses of global importance in common bean is reviewed with emphasis on development and application of marker-assisted selection (MAS). The implementation and adoption of MAS in breeding for disease resistance is advanced compared to the implementation of MAS for insect and abiotic stress resistance. Highlighted examples of breeding in common...
Summary Common bean is an important source of dietry protein and starch in Africa and a primary staple in parts of the Great Lakes Region. Tanzania remains one of the worlds' major bean producing countries although according to official statistics, production per capita has almost halved in the last 20 years. The main international bean improvement programmes are run by the Centro Internacional de...
Snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar, Widusa, was crossed to Michigan Dark Red Kidney (MDRK), Michelite, BAT 93, Mexico 222, Cornell 49–242, and TO cultivars to study the inheritance of resistance to anthracnose in Widusa. The segregation patterns observed in six F2 populations supported an expected 3R:1S ratio suggesting that Widusa carries a single dominant gene conditioning resistance to...
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