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Summary A population of 1,500 plants of the banana hybrid ‘FHIA-18’ (AAAB), regenerated from somatic embryos, which were multiplied in bioreactors, showed similar characteristics to plants propagated from shoot tip cultures both in the acclimatization stage and in field experiments carried out in Cuba. The plants originating from somatic embryos were similar to the plants obtained from shoot tips...
Summary Molecular mapping is a promising strategy for studying and understanding traits with complex genetic control, such as partial resistance to oat crown rust. The objectives of this research were to develop molecular maps from the progenies of the cross UFRGS7 (susceptible) × UFRGS910906 (partially resistant) and to identify QTLs (quantitative trait loci) associated to partial resistance to oat...
Summary An investigation was made to exploit an innovative tool viz., thermosensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) system in twoline inter-subspecies rice hybrids using 132 hybrids involving four TGMS lines viz., TS15, TS16, TS18 and TS29 and thirty three testers viz., 17 indicas, 7 japonicas and 9 javanicas by line × tester method at Paddy Breeding Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, India...
Summary Aegilops umbellulata acc. Y39 and Triticum carthlicum acc. PS5, immune to many powdery mildew isolates, were crossed to make an amphidiploid line Am9. The powdery mildew resistance of Am9 was transferred to common wheat cultivar Laizhou953 by crossing and backcrossing. In this study, the origin of powdery mildew resistance in a BC3F4:5 population derived from a cross of Am9 and Laizhou953...
Previously, we reported that phyllochron of rice greatly fluctuated in the course of development under natural conditions. The present study was carried out to examine the phyllochron dynamics using the five near-isogenic lines (NILs) for heading time and the recurrent parent. The change of phyllochron was investigated under four different controlled conditions regarding daylength and temperature...
Summary A 57-kDa readthrough portion of the Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) replicase gene was isolated in two replicates and sequenced. Sequence comparisons showed the isolated sequences to have a homology of 93–94% compared to other TRV isolates at the DNA level and code for proteins with 98–99% similarity to other corresponding TRV sequences at the amino acid level. The isolated sequences were cloned...
Summary Fertility alternation normally occurs in a novel type of thermo-photo-sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) wheat whose recessive genes in the nucleus are expressed as virtually complete sterility under lower temperature and shorter daylight conditions, but as normal fertility under higher temperature and longer daylight conditions during the developmental period from meiosis of pollen mother...
To compile self-(in)compatibility almond genotypes, a review of 133 commercial cultivars of wide geographical origin was made. The information gathered from own and mainly published work will be useful for both grower's cultivar choice when planting and for breeder's cross design when planning. The almond S genotypes compiled were identified using five different methods: biological (pollination tests...
Summary In this study a new trigeneric hybrid involving species from the Triticum, Secale and Leymus was produced by crossing octoploid triticale (Jinsong49) with octoploid tritileymus (950059). The chromosome constitution of the parental amphiploid, trigeneric hybrid and its progenies were studied. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) analysis showed that Jinsong49 and 950059 had 44 wheat chromosomes,...
Summary To provide genetic basis for apricot (Prunus armeniaca Lam.) breeding, inheritance and correlation of yield components including self-compatibility, self-pollinated fruiting rate, fertile flower rate, average fruit weight and fruit number per plant were studied with 5-year-old seedlings of apricot F1 hybrids from ‘Katy’ × (‘Xinshiji’, ‘Katy’ × (‘Hongfeng’ and ‘Katy’ × (‘Taianshuixing’, respectively...
Summary Reliable selection of families with increased grain yield is difficult in breeding programs targeting water-limited environments. Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) is negatively correlated with transpiration efficiency, and low Δ is being used for indirect selection of high wheat yield in rainfed environments. Yet little is known of genetic control and opportunities for improving selection...
Summary The increasing popularity of organic agriculture and health food products has led to a renewed interest in hulled wheat species such as emmer (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccumSchubler). Knowledge on agronomic and quality traits is required for effective and efficient use of germplasm collections in breeding programs. The objective of this study was to estimate agronomic and grain quality traits...
Summary A participatory breeding programme involving farmers in two Ghanaian communities and scientists from CRI (Ghana) and NRI (UK) to develop superior cassava cultivars is described. Initial situation analyses of the communities indicated that cassava is increasing in importance both as a food and a cash crop. Most farmers utilised landraces of cassava; modern varieties were scarcely mentioned...
Summary It has been theoretically proposed that multiple linked quantitative trait loci (QTLs) play a role in the accumulation of hidden variation within and between populations. In this study, the genetic bases for grain characteristics were examined by comparing two accessions representing the two rice subspecies by QTL analysis. Grain dimensions are known to be quantitative traits and to be diagnostic...
Summary We studied the genetic basis of isoflavone content inheritance in soybean seeds. The progenitors BARC-8 (low isoflavone content), IAC-100 (high isoflavone content), the F1 and F2 populations derived from reciprocal crosses, and backcross populations were analyzed for isoflavone content and composition. Six isoflavones were detected: daidzin (DZ), genistin (GT), glycitin (GC), malonyldaidzin...
Summary Little work has been reported on genetic transformation with maize inbred lines, especially elite inbred lines used in breeding. In this work, 7 self-pollinated inbred lines and 4 hybrid lines have been screened. The results revealed that calli derived from immature embryos from two inbred lines X333 and X301 were compact, hyperhydric and unsuitable for transformation, but the calli induced...
Summary Fourteen lines of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) were evaluated for general and specific combining ability through line × tester cross analysis using five diverse testers in two different environments. Seventy F1's and nineteen parental genotypes were raised in completely randomized block design with two replications with respect to yield and yield related traits. Considerable genetic variation...
Summary Interspecific F1-hybrids may arise in fields with transplastomic oilseed rape where B. rapa occurs as a weed. Spilled seeds, including transplastomic F1-hybrids with B. rapa, may germinate, which creates an opportunity for production of transplastomic BC1 with B. rapa as father (BC1r). Field trials were made with three different proportions of B. napus, B. rapa and F1-hybrids and three different...
Summary Common bean is an important source of dietry protein and starch in Africa and a primary staple in parts of the Great Lakes Region. Tanzania remains one of the worlds' major bean producing countries although according to official statistics, production per capita has almost halved in the last 20 years. The main international bean improvement programmes are run by the Centro Internacional de...
Summary The soybean seed storage protein β-conglycinin has a low amino acid score, shows lower functional gelling properties compared with glycinin and contains a major allergen. The wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb et Zucc.) QT2 lacks all the subunits of β-conglycinin, and this deficiency is controlled by a single dominant gene Scg-1 (suppressor of β-conglycinin). Scg-1 was introduced into a soybean...
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