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Aerogels from biodegradable and renewable sources such as cellulose, for example, have become a promising alternative to separate oil from water. However, surface treatments are necessary to provide hydrophobic characteristics to the sorbents. This study aims to evaluate the chemical treatment of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) with methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS), in order to obtain hydrophobic sorbents...
Herein, we fabricated highly porous and stretchable electrospun nanofiber membranes using eco-friendly lignin and polycaprolactone polymers, which efficiently prevent mold colonization and invasion in pine sapwood. Membranes of different thicknesses were tested against four species of mold. Membrane thicknesses of above 38 μm were found to completely prevent mold invasion during the 2- and 4-week...
The dissolution of cellulose is a critical step for the efficient utilization of this renewable resource as a starting material for the synthesis of high value-added functional polymers and chemicals and also for biofuel production. The recalcitrance of semicrystalline cellulose microfibrils presents a major barrier to cellulose dissolution. Despite research efforts, important aspects of cellulose...
Novel cellulose nanomicelles self-assembled from amphiphilic cellulose-graft-poly(p-dioxanone) (MCC-graft-PPDO) copolymer were used to encapsulate and disperse hydrophobic fluorescent conjugated polymers (FCPs) in water for tumor cell imaging. Three different conjugated polymers were employed to demonstrate the versatility of the cellulose nanomicelles, resulting in highly fluorescent and stable polymeric...
Cellulose nano-crystals (CNCs) were introduced into a polymeric membrane matrix to prepare CNC/polyethersulfone (PES) nano-enhanced membranes. The CNC suspension in N,N-dimethylacetamide was prepared by acidic hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose followed by solvent exchange. Various mass ratios of the suspension were employed to prepare a casting solution containing 20 wt% PES and 1 wt% polyvinylpyrrolidone...
A method is proposed to impregnate regular cellulosic paper with semi-conductive particles of copper sulfide. The method consists of a simple two-step procedure: first, metal (Cu) ions in solution are applied to the paper, and second, the aqueous application of a source of sulfide ions, which leads to the spontaneous formation of metal sulfides in the pores of the paper matrix, as evidenced by a color...
Currently, long-chain cellulose esters are not produced commercially because of high price, and since their preparation typically requires a large quantity of chemicals. To reduce the chemical consumption, cellulose reactivity needs to be increased without losing its quality. One way to increase the reactivity of cellulose is to decrease its molar mass in a controlled manner. In this study, we have...
An efficient and durable formaldehyde-free flame retardant consisting of an ammonium salt of pentaerythritol tetraphosphoric acid (APTTP) was prepared by a solventless synthesis and characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. The flame retardancy of the treated cotton fabric was enhanced, as assessed by limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical flammability,...
Increasing environmental awareness has promoted development of ecofriendly materials incorporating renewable raw materials and using green synthesis routes such as waterborne dispersion, avoiding employment of organic solvents and thus reducing generation of volatile organic compounds. In this regard, waterborne polyurethanes (WBPU) present an opportunity to tailor material properties while meeting...
Nonionic surfactants could effectively improve the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of lignocellulose, while small molecule anionic and cationic surfactants usually inhibited the enzymatic hydrolysis. The results showed that the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) could improve the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of Avicel at the concentration range of 0.1–1 mM, but it did inhibit enzymatic...
This study aimed to improve the stability of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) in an electrolyte containing system, which was achieved by the grafting of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) via the ceric ammonium nitrate-induced polymerization process. The results indicated that upon grafting the salt resistance and thermal stability of NFC were significantly improved. Moreover, the stability...
Rheo-optics, microspectrophotometry, and optical contrast measurements were used to gain new insights into the interrelated effects of liquid crystalline phase behavior, flow alignment, and microstructural relaxation on cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) films’ alignment and optical properties. Optical contrast measurements were found to be an effective and facile way of determining changes in anisotropy...
Magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized and embedded into the surface of cotton fibers via surface micro-dissolution method using NaOH/urea aqueous solution as dissolving agent, magnetic nanoparticles as the filler, and H2SO4/Na2SO4 aqueous solution as the coagulant. The magnetic nanoparticles and cotton fabrics were systematically studied by means of scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive...
The rate of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of O-ethyl-O-methyl-cellulose (EMC) and O-methoxyethyl-O-methyl-cellulose (MEMC), respectively, has been studied. By a two-step depolymerization procedure and monitoring of all individual substitution patterns, rate constants were determined for glucosyl residues with each particular substitution pattern. Two MCs of DS 1.27 (MC1) and 1.95 (MC2) have been perethylated...
A clear, direct and rapid analysis of the preliminary results concerning the acid liquefaction of Eucalyptus globulus’ bark is herein presented. The results led to a methodology for the selective liquefaction of hemicellulose and amorphous cellulose. Liquefaction was conducted at various temperatures, as well as different reaction times. The process results are heuristically explained in view of the...
This paper reports the temperature-dependence of methanol generation and the tensile index under ageing conditions for two paper/oil systems: one consisting of a standard wood Kraft paper and the other of a thermally-upgraded Kraft paper (TUK). A linear correlation between methanol and the tensile index for these paper/oil systems was observed in a previous study at 170 °C. In the current study, the...
The development of green nanocomposites based on biopolymers and bio-based nanofillers has attracted over the recent years the attention of academic and industrial research. Indeed, these nanocomposites could replace some oil-derived polymers and thus helping to overcome environmental problems. In this regard, PLA as matrix and polysaccharide nanocrystals as fillers are the most promising components...
Cellulose microfibrils (CMF) are a promising biobased material with unique nanospecific properties, giving them potential for use in numerous applications. Based on this, cost-effective and novel high-consistency enzymatic fibrillation (HefCel) technology was used to produce CMF, which was further used to reinforce middle ply of board structure and the results compared with those obtained without...
Bacterial adhesion and consequent biofilm formation are one the biggest hurdles in membrane-based technologies. Due to numerous problems associated with bacterial colonization on membrane surfaces, the development of new approaches to prevent microbial growth has been encouraged. Graphene oxide, produced by the chemical exfoliation of graphite, is a highly water-dispersible nanomaterial which has...
In this communication, we introduce a chitosan polymer gel ionic actuator with dilute acid as electrolyte solution replacing ionic liquid. Interestingly, the switch not only produces obvious improvements in actuation performance, but the actuator bends towards the opposite direction. It presents a cathode deflection phenomenon instead of the usual anode deflection. Moreover, ion channels inside the...
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