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Recently, a new member of the nanocellulose family was introduced, a cellulose II gel consisting of nanostructured and spherical particles. In this study, we compared two different drying techniques to obtain highly porous powders from this gel with preserved meso- and macroporous nanostructure: first, freeze-drying after solvent exchange to tBuOH and second, supercritical drying of the respective...
A bioinspired mineralization route to directly prepare ZnO–cellulose nanocomposite (ZCN) films from a cellulose–NaOH/urea/zincate solution was demonstrated in this study. By adding non-acid coagulants, an inclusion complex consisting of NaOH, urea and zincate, which was bound to the cellulose molecules, was broken. As a result, the cellulose aggregates occurred, which simultaneously aided the mineralization...
In the present study, the surface chemistry of fibres from different sources (groundwood, cotton linters, eucalyptus sulphate and a mixture of pine sulphate and spruce sulphate) was initially assessed via inverse gas chromatography. Significant differences were revealed among the four fibre types, especially between groundwood and the other three with regard to the surface energy and to the specific...
Novel composite hydrogels were synthesized by grafting of acrylic acid onto pineapple peel cellulose and addition of kaolin or sepia ink in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, using potassium persulfate as a free radical initiator and N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinking agent. The structure and morphology of the prepared hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared...
The sticky deposit problem during wastepaper recycling causes product quality decline. Enzymatic treatment is an alternative method to solve this problem. However, most enzymes are sensitive to the reaction conditions such as the temperature, pH and organic solvent, which limit their application in the pulp and paper industry. In the current study, three thermophilic esterase genes from Thermus thermophilus, Pyrobaculum calidifontis...
In this study, we developed a method to observe interactions between cellulase and cellulose microfibril by transmission electron microscopy. Although negative staining and low-angle metal shadowing increase image contrast, neither method is sufficient to view enzyme interactions with microfibril. However, we found that the combination of negative staining and low-angle metal shadowing provided better...
The beneficial effect of materials with high aspect ratio as composite reinforcement has prompted continuous interest towards cellulosic fibers. Besides providing stiffness, fibers can potentially contribute to composite extensibility. While mechanical treatments are typically used to adjust the physical and surface properties of fibers, less is known about ensuing effects on their extensibility and...
Unique structure-controllable three-dimensional (3D) nanofiber stacks of cellulose acetate (CA) were fabricated successfully by simply increasing relative humidity (RH) during the electrospinning process. It is found that once the RH exceeding 60 %, 3D flocculent nanofiber stacks would grow on the flat plate collector toward the needle tip without using special assisting apparatus or preparing special...
The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of the effect of CO2 laser technology on some physical and chemical properties of cotton-based fabrics. The cotton and cotton/polyester blended fabrics used in this study were treated with different combinations of laser processing parameters, i.e., resolution (52, 60 and 68 dpi) and pixel time (110, 120, 130 and 140 μs). After laser treatment,...
A facile approach for the preparation of cellulose gel dispersions with particle size less than 5 μm has been developed. The particles were obtained by dissolving cellulose in NaOH/urea solvent, followed by regeneration in ethanol/H2O mixed solution with homogenizer shearing. The characteristics of the cellulose gel dispersions were evaluated in terms of particle dimensions and crystalline structure,...
Fibre-laden liquid foams are used in the production process of novel non-woven fibrous materials, employed for example for thermal or acoustic insulation. Here we present an experimental investigation of the stability of such foams. We find that on a time-scale of a few minutes the presence of fibres does not alter the drainage properties of the foam. On a longer time-scale fibres slow down drainage,...
Physical structures of aqueous cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) suspensions in anionic polyelectrolyte carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and non-ionic poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) were investigated by studying their cross polarized, polarized optical microscope (POM) images and dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, 1H spin–lattice relaxation nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data. The presence of anionic...
Effect of cationic surfactants alkyltrimethylammonium bromide (CnTAB) with varied alkyl chain lengths on the enzymatic hydrolysis of Avicel and the surface charge of cellulase was investigated. Enzymatic hydrolysis of Avicel increased linearly from 42.1 to 61.4 % with the increase of the concentration of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (C16TAB) logarithmically from 0.0001 to 0.01 mM, and reached a...
Enzymatic treatments in textile are remarkable because of their environmentally friendly properties, such as less energy, water and chemical need, low waste water pollution. In this paper combined use of amylase, pectinase and cellulase in the same bath was studied in different parts. In the first part of the experiment, raw cotton woven fabrics were treated with amylase, pectinase and cellulase enzymes...
Knowledge on moisture transport in wood is important for understanding its utilization, durability and product quality. Moisture transport processes in wood can be studied by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) imaging. By combining NMR imaging with relaxometry, the state of water within wood can be identified, i.e. water bound to the cell wall, and free water in the cell lumen/vessel. This paper presents...
The use of cellulose-based absorbing materials, such as fluff pulp, has attracted extensive attention due to the increasing demands of the hygiene products for the babies, women and seniors in a green and safe way. However, the properties of fluff pulp, mainly including the moisture adsorption and fluff-specific volume, highly depends on the aggregation structure and hydrogen bonding of the feedstock...
A series of modified guar gums with s-triazine group (TSG) was successfully prepared using monochlorotriazine sulfanilic acid as modifier under certain conditions. The flowability, viscoelasticity, and thixotropy of TSG solutions were thoroughly studied through steady shear, dynamic strain sweep, and structural recovery tests. The results indicated that TSG exhibited better flowability, more viscous...
Assays were conducted to examine the photosynthesis of stem leaves and subtending leaves of cotton bolls, the fiber-quality parameters length, strength and micronaire, and dry matter accumulation in fibers, seeds and burs during fiber development in the colored cotton cultivars ZX-1 and G-7 and the white cotton cultivar LMY28. The results showed that fiber-quality parameters were all lower in ZX-1...
Chitosan and its water-soluble N,N,N-trimethyl derivative were attached to cellulose fibers in the form of nanoparticle dispersions. The attachment of the chitosan nanoparticles to the fiber surface was studied by evaluation of the quantity of chitosan amino groups using a conventional spectrophotometric method supported by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The desorption kinetics of the chitosan...
The inhibiting ability of chitosan alone and in combination with KI for St37 steel in 15% H2SO4 solution has been studied using potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(DEIS), and weight loss (WL) complemented by surface morphological examination with the aid of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive...
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