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Chitin and gelatin are biodegradable and biocompatible polymers which have gained much attention applied as bio-based materials. In this study, Chitin nanofiber (ChNF)/gelatin nanocomposite was synthesized by immersion method followed with drying at room temperature. The ChNF content in the ChNF/gelatin was controlled in a broad range by changing the concentration of gelatin solutions from 2, 5 to...
Degumming is the dominant method to isolate cellulosic fibers in the textile industry. High content of lignin is the principle obstacle in bast-fibers degumming. In order to remove lignin efficiently, the treatment using steam explosion coupled with Fenton oxidation was conducted on kenaf bast in this study. The influence and mechanism of the combined treatment of steam explosion and Fenton oxidation...
Honey bee propolis extract (HBP) was prepared by three methods; namely, soxhlet-reflux, magnetic stirring and ultrasound extraction. Based on the efficacies of HBP formation, the soxhlet-reflux method gave the highest yield of HBP. Electrospinning of cellulose acetate (CA) solution loaded with different concentrations of HBP was assessed. The results show that the surface morphology of CA nanofibers...
A novel nanofiber composite nano-filtration membrane was prepared by combination of grafting, electrospinning and surface coating. First, carboxyl multi-walled carbon nanotubes were grafted onto bacterial cellulose molecular chains by solution reaction. The grafting products were characterized by TEM, FTIR, Raman, XPS and TGA measurements. Then, they were electrospun into nanofibers to be the supporting...
Previously, we reported an efficient method to prepare tough hydrogels from cellulose nanofibers using an alkali treatment which had an nano-network structure. In this study, polyacrylamide/cellulose nanofiber (PAM/CNF) double-network (DN) gels were synthesized by simply using 15 wt% NaOH at room temperature. The compression properties and morphology of the gels were investigated. The main findings...
Acetylation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is one of the most available routes to enhance hydrophobicity of CNCs. This study investigated the impact of CNC allomorphs on the acetylation. CNC samples with different allomorphs (cellulose I, II and III) were prepared and surface modified by acetylation in heterogeneous system. Then, CNCs and acetylated CNCs (ACNCs) were characterized by solid-state...
Nowadays, there is less emphasis on the aesthetic traits of textiles and more on their functionality. Traditionally functional textiles are prepared in two steps including dyeing and then finishing. This adds extra cost to the process through more energy consumption and water effluent. Current research deals with a single bath application of antibacterial finish with reactive dyeing. L-cysteine (L-cys)...
We developed an isocyanate group containing quaternary ammonium salt (IQAS) as a potential antimicrobial finishing agent that can be stored in a high purity form for more than a year in dry environments to permit convenient transportation and storage. Additionally, we report a facile and eco-friendly finishing technique to fabricate durable antimicrobial cotton fabrics using IQAS as an antimicrobial...
Nanocellulose is a material of interest for biomedical applications due to its morphological similarity with tissues’ own collagen. New cell culture substrates that mimic the human body tissue stiffness and extracellular matrix can be used to study cell behaviour in a way that is not possible for traditional plastic substrates. Five wood-based micro-and nanofibrillated cellulose films without additives...
This article reports robust technology for converting tissue paper (TP) into an efficient separation membrane by coating with a novel superhydrophobic material that was synthesized by a rapid, one step approach without using any hazardous chemicals viz fluorinated materials or organic/inorganic nanoparticles. The coating was prepared using modified cellulose nanofibers which can readily transform...
This work describes simple preparation of different types of micro-fibrillated (AMCa, AMCb) and micro-crystalline alkaline celluloses (AMCc) by variation in treatment conditions of wax-, hemicellulose-, and lignin-free cellulose. The AMCs were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermo-gravimetric analysis. The morphology and base-capacity...
High cellulose solubility is an essential to successful production of regenerated cellulose, from which hydrogels can be produced. Additionally, some pretreatment usually facilitates cellulose solubility. Bleached cellulose pulp from kenaf core (BK), consisting of lignin (0.3%), hemicellulose (5.2%) and ash (0%), was treated with an electron beam irradiation (EBI) at 10, 30, 50 and 70 kGy. The BK...
Water safety and security are global problems. Indeed, researchers have taken this matter seriously and have begun to find alternative ways of treating wastewater. The conventional method for treating wastewater has been found to be uneconomical, and the polymeric materials used were not environmentally friendly. Biosorption techniques and mechanisms have been shown to be an effective alternative...
Ag3PO4 and chitosan fiber (CF) composites were successfully fabricated using an in situ growth technique. The structure and properties of the obtained Ag3PO4/CF composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy, and UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. SEM results suggested that the...
A simple but cost-effective method for preparing a novel partially carboxymethylated cotton gauze (PCG) with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs; i.e., PCG/Ag) was developed through carboxymethylation modification and reduction of Ag nitrate using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a coating and complexing agent. The Fourier transform infrared spectrum of PCG/Ag revealed an absorption band at 1610 cm−1 and no...
An efficient path to prepare cellulose acetoacetates is reviewed in detail. The biopolymer dissolved in N,N-dimethylacetamide-LiCl is allowed to react with 2,2,6-trimethyl-4H-1,3-dioxin-4-one at elevated temperatures without any catalyst. The procedure, which is briefly described in the literature (Marson and El Seoud in J Appl Polym Sci 74:1355–1360, 1999), utilizes simple to handle, commercially...
Traditionally, naturally extracted Indigo has been used for dyeing cotton. Amongst all the classes of dyes for cellulosic material, vat dyes are most widely used due to their excellent fastness properties. The vat dyeing process, depending upon the subclasses, has to go through reduction phase for solubilisation, dyeing and oxidation phases at specific conditions. Even with the advent of new techniques...
Konjac glucomannan, built of β-1,4-linked mannose and glucose, was methylated after treatment with dibutyltin oxide/MeOH in pyridine. Best results were obtained in acetonitrile/DMF in the presence of TBAB and K2CO3. While total DS was only 0.1–0.15 and not significantly enhanced in the tin-promoted reaction, the manno-/gluco- (cis-/trans-diol) and the regioselectivity was completely changed with DS...
In this work, we have applied, for the first time, solution plasma processing of cellulose-containing material to produce cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). The CNC samples produced in three different modes of solution plasma treatment were characterized using methods of dynamic light scattering, infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy...
Surface chemistry of regenerated all-wood-biopolymer fibers that are fine-tuned by composition of cellulose, lignin and xylan is elucidated via revealing their surface energy and adhesion. Xylan additive resulted in thin fibers and decreased surface energy of the fiber outer surfaces compared to the cellulose fibers, or when lignin was used as an additive. Lignin increased the water contact angle...
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