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In this work, cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) were produced from a Eucalyptus globulus bleached kraft pulp by TEMPO-mediated oxidation and mechanical homogenisation, and their effects in papermaking, namely filler flocculation and retention, dry and wet-web strength and structural properties, were studied in detail. Cellulose nanofibrils possessing 0.6 mmol/g carboxyl groups and a degree of polymerisation...
Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) is a promising nanofiller for reinforcing chitosan (CTS) film. The flocculation of the NCC suspension in acidic CTS solution is the key problem that makes many properties such as the tensile strength bad. A derivative of nanocellulose, namely cationic dialdehyde cellulose (CDAC), is synthesized in the current study to avoid the flocculation. A CDAC suspension is prepared...
This article first discloses that the fluorine anion-containing ionic liquids-functionalized biochar sulfonic acids (BCSA-IL-F1–3s), which were simply synthesized by an ionic exchange of 1-trimethoxysilylpropyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (IL-Cl) grafted on the BCSA with CF3SO3H (HF1), HBF4 (HF2), HPF6 (HF3), respectively, can efficiently catalyze cellulose hydrolysis into reducing sugars (RSs) and...
Thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) is grafted from wet bacterial cellulose (WBC) sheets using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). WBC is recognized as a highly swollen biocompatible material with broad application potential. However, native WBC undergoes drying relatively fast and its reswelling ability diminishes after losing a substantial amount of water. In this work...
A study on the functionalization of cotton and viscose fabrics to achieve bifunctional conductive and antibacterial properties was carried out; 0.5 wt% AgNW ethanolic colloid was prepared, and fabrics were dipped and dried in the colloid 1, 10 and 15 times. After one dipping, both fabrics remained nonconductive, and the surface resistance (Rs) of cotton was 4.9 × 1010 and of viscose 3.6 × 1011 Ω....
Novel molecularly smooth, flat and thin films of regenerated bio-deuterated cellulose were produced for enhanced contrast with adsorbed molecules in neutron reflectivity (NR) and for cellulose structure studies. The cellulose films were produced to study both the solid/air interface and the solid/liquid interface. Cellulose films with a wide range of scattering contrast were achieved by combining...
The amphiphilicity of solvent systems is realized for adjusting the dissolution of natural cellulose by making use of tetra-butylammonium hydroxide (TBAH) as an example. TBAH aqueous solution is found to have an obvious effect on adjusting its amphiphilicity, along with a flexible concentration ranging from 40 to 60 wt% for dissolving cellulose. With a suitable amphiphilic property, cellulose can...
For the first time flame retardant functionality was imparted in sisal (leaf fibre) yarn using N-methylol dimethylphosphonopropionamide (MDPA) based formulation. MDPA formulations were applied to sisal yarn in various concentrations by the dipping method followed by drying and curing. The formulation was optimized on the basis of tensile strength of the treated yarns. Flame retardancy of the treated...
Research on bacterial cellulose (BC), an all-purpose biomaterial widely used in various applications, often focuses on the pellicle type. To apply BC to flexible devices such as solar cells and displays, flowability is necessary for manufacturing processes. Fabrication of a BC fiber (BCF) suspension by treating BC pellicles in water using a homogenizer is a fast and easy pathway. However, it is difficult...
Mass deacidification has been an important topic in cellulose science and will continue to be a critical issue as long as acidic books and paper-based materials are—a often major—part of library and archive stocks. Different means are available to judge the result of a deacidification treatment and to address its sustainability and efficacy. The present study compares deacidification by dispersed...
We report the ability of cellulose to support cells without the use of matrix ligands on the surface of the material, thus creating a two-component system for tissue engineering of cells and materials. Sheets of bacterial cellulose, grown from a culture medium containing Acetobacter organism were chemically modified with glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride or by oxidation with sodium hypochlorite in...
A problem with cellulose-based materials is that they are highly influenced by moisture, leading to reduced strength properties with increasing moisture content. By achieving a more detailed understanding of the water–cellulose interactions, the usage of cellulose-based materials could be better optimized. Two different exchange processes of cellulose hydroxyl/deuteroxyl groups have been monitored...
Pretreatment is the crucial step to disrupt the recalcitrant structure of lignocellulosic biomass for improving the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency. Typically, hydrothermal, organosolv and hydrotropic pretreatments are environmentally benign and effective methods. In this work, effects of hydrothermal, organosolv and hydrotropic pretreatments on improving enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo were comprehensively...
A novel type of acetylated cellulose nanofibre (CNF) was extracted successfully from sisal fibres using chemical methods. Initially, a strong alkali treatment was used to swell the fibres, followed by a bleaching step to remove the residual lignin and finally an acetylation step to reduce the impact of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the nanocellulose. The result of this sequence of up-scalable...
This article describes the preparation of novel aqueous spongy foams that are composed of three-dimensionally distributed wood-fiber networks stabilized with nanofibrillate cellulose (NFC) and/or microfibrillated cellulose (MFC). The free standing aqueous spongy foams were prepared with the entrapment of NFC and/or MFC—stabilized air-in-water (A/W) capillary foams using “gel trapping technique”. The...
During the pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials, the dissolved mannan would re-adsorb on cellulose, and then inhibited the cellulose hydrolysis by cellulases. However, the adsorption of mannan on cellulose and hydrolyzability of mannan adsorbed on cellulose were not so clear. In this work, the adsorption behavior of mannans on cellulose and the hydrolysis of adsorbed mannan by mannanase were...
In this work, a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-modified Fe3O4 (denoted as Fe3O4@CMC) composite was synthesized via a simple co-precipitation approach. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, zeta potential and thermogravimetric analysis results indicated that CMC was successfully coated on the Fe3O4 surfaces with a weight percent of ~30 % (w/w). The prepared Fe3O4@CMC composite was stable in acidic...
A superhydrophobic cotton fabric exhibiting excellent self-cleaning and antibacterial activity prepared by a facile, cost-effective method involving deposition of copper and stearic acid has been reported in this article. The surface morphology and microstructure of the modified fabric have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction...
The aim of this study was to study the microstructure and mechanical properties of individual bamboo fibers after alkali treatment. The individual bamboo fibers were treated by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution with varying concentration (6, 8, 10, 15 and 25%) followed by rinsing and freeze-drying treatments. The alkali treated individual bamboo fibers were subsequently characterized by scanning electron...
Cellulose nanowhiskers were extracted from the spines of Mandacaru (Cereus jamacaru DC.), a cactus native to the Caatinga biome of northeastern Brazil, using sulfuric acid hydrolysis preceded by alkaline treatment and bleaching. Results showed that three bleaching steps were required to remove most of the non-cellulosic constituents of the spines that yielded 77.4% cellulose. Nanowhiskers size decreased...
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