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Textiles with superior anti-flammability properties combined with minimal environmental impact are extremely necessary to reduce fire-related issues. In this regard, diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings on cotton fabrics may represent promising candidates as potential flame-retardant (FR) materials. Herein, superhydrophobic and fire-resistant cotton fabrics were fabricated through a two-step plasma...
Ball mill-assisted surface-fluorination of cellulose nanofiber was studied for two solvents with different polarity as dispersion/reaction medium. Milling cellulose in neat toluene gave irregular-shaped decrystallized cellulose particles; addition of pentafluorobenzoyl chloride (PFBC) to the system gave partially fluorinated cellulose as thin flakes with smooth surfaces, which maintained original...
Fire resisting property was imparted to cellulosic paper by the application of a bio-enriched version of a banana pseudostem sap (BPS) as well as the only BPS, obtained as a byproduct during fibre extraction from the pseudostem. The papers were evaluated for their flame retardant property by measurement of limiting oxygen index and vertical flammability. They were also characterized by thermogravimetry,...
A novel magnetic cellulose nanocrystal material decorated with Cu–Co ferrite was synthesized in situ by controlled hydrothermal chemistry in the presence of NH3·H2O. The ferrite nanoparticles immobilized on cellulose were found to exist in their oxide forms as identified by FTIR, XPS and Raman spectra. They demonstrate very good dispersibility with smaller crystal size after being formed in situ on...
Previously, we reported the preparation of high-crystalline hydrogels from α-chitin nanofibers by a simple NaOH treatment at low temperatures. In the present study, mild conditions were applied to both α-chitin powder and nanofibers to make hydrogels using calcium chloride dehydrate-saturated methanol (Ca solvent). Interestingly, nanofibrillation of powder occurred during the treatment. Compared with...
Bacterial cellulose (BC) synthesized by Acetobacter xylinum has been a promising candidate for medical applications. Modifying BC to possess the properties needed for specific applications has been reported. In this study, BCs functionalized by organosilanes were hypothesized to improve the attachment and spreading of normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF). The BC gels obtained from biosynthesis were...
Novel bio-polyamides obtained from renewable resources, e.g. PA4.10, are considered nowadays as promising ‘green’ engineering materials consisting of building blocks derived from castor oil. In this work the composites of heterogeneously acetylated microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) and biopolyamide 4.10 have been prepared by melt blending. Thermoplastic processing of PA4.10/MFC composites was possible...
The detergent fiber and the insoluble dietary fiber methods were compared to quantitate lignin in commelinid and non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomasses. This comparison was based on the precision of these methods and on the correlation between these methods. The present study showed that the insoluble dietary fiber method was more reliable to quantitate lignin because of its higher precision and smaller...
Chitosan film with nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) as a physical reinforcement and tannic acid as a chemical crosslinker was prepared by the casting evaporation method. The objective was to improve its mechanical properties, reduce its moisture content and solubility, and maintain its biodegradability. This was done to examine its potential suitability as an ultra-lightweight wing membrane for a future...
Lateral dimensions of cellulose crystallites have been widely reported to increase as plant biomasses are submitted to a variety of high-temperature chemical treatments. Cellulose co-crystallization is often indicated to be the phenomenon underlying crystallite dimensional change, but precise mechanisms and relationships with concurrent phenomena are not well understood. This work investigates cellulose...
The effect of surface treatments, silane and alkali, on regenerated cellulose fibers was studied by using the treated fibers as reinforcement in lactic acid thermoset bioresin. The surface treatments were performed to improve the physico–chemical interactions at the fiber–matrix interface. Tensile, flexural and impact tests were used as indicator of the improvement of the interfacial strength. Furthermore,...
The rheological behavior of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) suspensions at different concentrations were examined using Couette with smooth and serrated surfaces and vane-in-cup geometries. A slippage against the walls of rheometer rotor or/and stator (wall-slip) as well as flow localization within a specific volume of the sample (shear banding)...
In this study, nano-fibrillated cellulose (NFC) was added during the UV-induced polymerization process of acrylic acid, so that the resulting poly-(acylic acid)/NFC composites can have improved water absorbency and swelling rate. The effects of process parameters, including NFC content on the UV-induced polymerization process, and the properties of resulting PAA hydrogel/NFC composites were investigated...
Triodia pungens is one of the 69 species of an Australian native arid grass which covers approximately 27 % of the Australian landmass. In this study, we report that very long and thin cellulose nanofibrils can readily be isolated from Triodia pungens biomass using unrivalled mild chemical pulping, followed by several mechanical fibrillation methods. After a typical pulping process which includes...
The effects of chronic gamma ray irradiation on Brachypodiumdistachyon were investigated to lignocellulose composition and enzymatic hydrolysis. Four-week-old plants of B. distachyon were exposed to gamma-ray irradiation at doses of 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 Gy. Gamma-ray irradiation negatively influenced biomass related morphology including plant height and cell size; however, it increased...
Thin film composite (TFC) membrane is one of the most promising technologies in the purification field. In this study, a novel highly hydrophilic and anti-fouling cellulose TFC membrane was prepared based on the hierarchical poly(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene) (PVA-co-PE) nanofiber substrate. The morphology and hydrophilicity of the hierarchical PVA-co-PE nanofiber substrate and the cellulose TFC membrane...
The aim of this work was to obtain bio-based polyurethane composites using biocomponents such as, bio-glycol, modified natural oil-based polyol, and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). The prepolymer method was used to prepare the bio-based polyurethane matrix. Prepolymer synthesised from 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and a polyol mixture containing 75 wt% commercial polyether and 25 wt% hydroxylated...
This study explores the biocompatible behavior of bacterial cellulose (BC) composites with the highly conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)–poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). To synthesize this novel composite, we utilized an ex situ penetration method, whereby never-dried BC sheets were incubated with aqueous PEDOT:PSS solution. The resulting composite films were characterized using several...
Several studies have been reported on the use of cellulose, lignocellulose, chitin and other biological macromolecules for food packaging. One of the major drawbacks limiting their wide uses is their limited antimicrobial and water vapor barrier properties. In this study, cedarwood (Thuja occidentalis) essential oil (CWO), known to contain terpenes, polyphenols and tung oil, known to contain fatty...
The recovery of three rare earth (RE) metals ions [Yb(III), Dy(III) and Nd(III), belonging to heavy, mild and light REs, respectively] was investigated using hybrid chitosan-magnetic nano-based particles functionalized by diethylenetriamine (DETA). The effect of pH on sorption performance was analyzed: the optimum initial pH value was found close to 5 (equilibrium pH value close to 6.5). The nanometric...
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