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The preparation of composites by thermoforming of intermingled fibre slivers is an efficient method to receive high performance and lightweight materials. Cellulosic fibres have benefits like low density and sustainability but the sorption of water due to the high hydrophilicity of the cellulose requires attention. The swelling of the wet fibres changes the fibre-matrix adhesion and as a consequence,...
In this work, we investigated conditions to deposit cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) films onto polypropylene (PP) by spin coating, and studied the adhesion, mechanical property, and oxygen permeability properties of the CNC-coated PP films. It was found that CNC films maintained proper adhesion on UV ozone-treated PP even when deformed, but cracked when bent beyond a critical radius of curvature or scratched...
The aim of this work is to study the influence of low-pressure plasma treatment on cellulose fibres to improve the adhesion between a polymeric matrix and natural fibres used as reinforcement. To evaluate fibre wettability, contact angle measurements were carried out on flax fibres after treatment with plasma under several conditions. Similarly, contact angle measurements were performed without plasma...
Chitin nanofibers extracted from crab shell were used to reinforce polylactic acid (PLA) by extrusion molding. The dispersion problem of nanofibers in PLA matrix was solved by three pretreatment methods, including water pretreatment, polyethylene glycol (PEG) pretreatment, and polyethylene oxide (PEO) pretreatment. The results demonstrated that chitin nanofibers were distributed uniformly on the fracture...
The non-covalent interaction of acetylated nanocrystalline cellulose (AC-NCC) with polylactic acid (PLA) in a composite blend has been studied at the micron scale by synchrotron Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy. Microtomed sections of AC-NCC in PLA showed strong, localized carbonyl stretching (νC=O) absorbance characteristic of the cellulose acetylation, and this was observed on...
Cotton fibers containing different amounts of aldehyde and carboxyl groups were prepared by varying TEMPO oxidation conditions and then employed as carriers for trypsin immobilization. Depending on the functional group type present in the oxidized fiber, trypsin was immobilized through the ionic interaction or together with the Schiff’s base formation. The TEMPO oxidation caused changes in the chemical...
To investigate the solvent/solute interactions that take place during the dissolution of cellulose, cellobiose was employed as a model of the longer-chain cellulose molecule in a dissolution study of the cellobiose/LiCl/N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) system, conducted using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), 13C, 35Cl, and 7Li NMR spectroscopy, and conductivity...
The design of green fiber-reinforced nanocomposites with enhanced properties and durability has attracted attention from scientists. The present study aims to investigate the potential of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) as a green additive for fiber–cement composites. Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) was used to evaluate the influence of incorporation of BNC as powder or gel, or coated onto the bagasse...
Cellulose and silk blended biomaterial films were regenerated from ionic liquid solution and investigated to characterize and understand the effect of inter- and intra-molecular interactions upon the morphology and thermal properties. The blended films were dissolved in 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid, coagulated and regenerated with water. Various characterization techniques were...
Bleached palm fiber without lignin, alkalized palm fiber without hemicelluloses and raw windmill palm fiber were prepared. Then, the chemical composition and the mechanical properties of the windmill palm fiber were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman microscopy were employed to characterize the structure and chemical composition. A universal...
The bacterial cellulose (BC)/Al2O3 nanofibrous composite membrane as a lithium-ion battery separator has been successfully prepared by coating Al2O3 on the BC nanofibers through a simple in situ thermal decomposition of Al(NO3)3 · 9H2O. Thermal treatment tests show that the BC/Al2O3 composite membrane is thermally stable at a high temperature of 200 °C while great shrinkage is observed for the commercial...
Fast field-recycling magnetic resonance relaxometry (FFC NMR) was applied to measure the spin-lattice relaxation time, T1, of protons in pure ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) and when confined in cellulose (Cell) ion gel (Cell/BMIMCl) at different temperatures and different Larmor frequencies. The rotational and translational contributions were taken to interpret the...
There is an urgent global need to develop novel types of environmentally safe dispersing chemicals from renewable resources in order to reduce the environmental impact of oil spills. For this goal, cellulose, the most abundant natural polymeric source, is a promising green, nontoxic alternative that could replace the current synthetic surfactants. In this study, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) synthesized...
Softwood is an abundant resource; however, currently its utilization for bioconversion to obtain platform sugars is limited. Pinus taeda trees which were genetically modified to either produce S lignin or to decrease lignin content were characterized with a suite of analytic techniques. Syringyl lignin was visualized in the secondary xylem of one genetic line with Mäule staining. Solid-state nuclear...
A kind of highly fluorescent cotton fibers, in which the luminescent carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) are generated in the lumen and the mesopores directly, have been prepared by the method of hydrothermal synthesis in situ using citric acid and urea as raw materials, and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and tributyl phosphate as active agents. The CNPs/cotton fibers were characterized by thermogravimetry-differential...
Native cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) were prepared from bleached birch pulp without any chemical or enzymatic pretreatment. These CNF were modified by adsorption of a small amount of water-soluble polysaccharides and used to prepare nanopapers, which were processed into composites by lamination with an epoxy resin and subsequently cured. The results were compared to the properties of composites prepared...
Polyacrylonitrile-co-methacrylic acid (PAN-co-MAA) and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) composite films were produced with up to 40 wt% CNC loading through the solution casting method. The rheological properties of the solution/suspensions and the structural, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the resulting films were investigated. The viscosity of the composite suspensions increased with higher...
In the textile and fashion industry, cotton knitted fabric is commonly used for making apparel. To achieve different functional effects of the cotton knitted fabric, chemical treatments are commonly used, but due to increased environmental restrictions, physical treatment, e.g., with a laser, has recently been introduced to the market as an environmentally friendly way to treat the surface of cotton...
Bentonite/magnetite powder was synthesized and characterized using laser diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption–desorption technique, and magnetization measurements, revealing it to be a ferromagnetic material with mesopores. Hydroxyethyl cellulose was filled with bentonite/magnetite particles by mechanical dispersion to produce hybrid film...
Regenerated cellulose (RC) film is an important cellulose-based product with a wide range of applications in the packaging industry and drug delivery. In this study, RC film was prepared using an organic electrolyte solution (OES)/ionic liquid (IL) system consisting of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EmimAc) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to dissolve cotton linter at room temperature. Results...
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