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A chlorozincate ionic liquid-functionalized biochar sulfonic acid (BC-SO3H-IL-Zn) was designed and conveniently prepared via multistep processes, involving the syntheses of biochar sulfonic acid (BC-SO3H) and 1-trimethoxysilylpropyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (IL)-ZnCl2 (IL-Zn), followed by grafting the IL-Zn onto BC-SO3H. The proposed catalyst was found to show a much higher turnover number (TON,...
Three recent updates (Emsley, Ding & Wang and Calvini) of the old Ekenstam equation applied to the degradation of cellulose have been analysed using (1) internal coherence, (2) boundary conditions and (3) physical meaning. The Ekenstam, Emsley and Calvini equations belong to the same class (random scissions), while the Ding and Wang equation appears to be tracking a different mechanism (peeling/stopping)...
Novel nanoscaled cellulose particles were prepared using high-pressure homogenization of aqueous media contenting treated cellulose samples in a Microfluidizer® processor (MF). Here, we present the generation of spherical cellulose nanoparticles as an extension of previously published reports of nano fibrillated cellulose. Although MF treatment of unmodified cellulose yields nanofibrils which are...
We studied the acid hydrolysis of cellulose in an aqueous medium with the aim of maximizing glucose yield and minimizing the formation of by-products. The influence of reaction parameters such as temperature, acid concentration, acid strength and type of cellulose precursor on glucose yield was investigated. We observed that moderate reaction temperature and low acid concentration resulted in the...
We have modified the standard sulphuric acid hydrolysis method for the production of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) to successfully isolate a novel, highly crystalline cellulose material from the spent liquor of CNCs. The novel material has a cellulose II crystal structure that is distinctly different from the cellulose I crystal structure of CNCs. The modified method uses a shorter time for the hydrolysis,...
Cellulose nanocrystals were prepared from cotton fibers by a two-stage method involving ionic liquid swelling treatment followed by hydrolysis under mild acid conditions. Controlled swelling of cellulosic fibers was achieved in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) at 80 °C, while avoiding extensive dissolution of crystalline regions. Since the accessibility of the substrate was considerably...
Cellobiose and glucose are valuable products that can be obtained from enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. This study discusses changes in the crystalline form of celluloses to enhance the production of sugars and examines the effect on structural properties during enzymatic hydrolysis. Various crystalline celluloses consisting of group I (cell I, cell IIII, cell IVI) and group II (cell II, cell III...
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