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Effects of Pb2+, Ni2+, Hg2+ and Se4+ on cultured human glioma U-343MG cells were investigated considering uptake, toxicity and, in combination with radiation, clonogenic cell survival. The cells were exposed to 0-100 μm of the metals for a week before the evaluation. The tests showed a tendency to toxicity with 10 μm nickel although not significant (P > 0.05). Selenium, lead and mercury exerted...
Efficient removal of dissolved nickel was observed in a biologically active moving-bed `MERESAFIN' sand filter treating rinsing water from an electroless nickel plating plant. Although nickel is fully soluble in this waste water, its passage through the sand filter promoted rapid removal of approximately 1 mg Ni/l. The speciation of Ni in the waste water was modelled; the most probable precipitates...
The aim of the study was to determine the nickel concentrations of soil and plant specimens taken from a rural area exposed to cement factory emissions and also to determine the blood concentrations and sensitivity conditions observed in humans residing in this rural area. The study was carried out in Çukurhisar, a town in Eskişehir-Turkey, between May 2000 and March 2001. Beside the 108 soil (36...
There is accumulating evidence that transenvelope efflux pumps of the resistance, nodulation, cell division protein family (RND) are excreting toxic substances from the periplasm across the outer membrane directly to the outside. This would mean that resistance of Gram-negative bacteria to organic toxins and heavy metals is in fact a two-step process: one set of resistance factors control the concentration...
Nickel/cobalt transporters (NiCoTs), a family of secondary metal transporters in prokaryotes and fungi, are characterized by an eight-transmembrane-domain (TMD) architecture and mediate high-affinity uptake of cobalt and/or nickel ions into the cells. One of the strongly conserved regions within the NiCoTs is the signature sequence RHA(V/F)DADHI within TMD II. This stretch of amino acid residues plays...
A proteomic analysis of the Ni hyperaccumulator plant Alyssum lesbiacum was carried out to identify proteins that may play a role in the exceptional degree of Ni tolerance and accumulation characteristic of this metallophyte. Of the 816 polypeptides detected in root tissue by 2D SDS-PAGE, eleven increased and one decreased in abundance relative to total protein after 6-week-old plants were transferred...
This study was designed to examine the protective potential of zinc on the histoarchitecture distortion induced by nickel in rats. Male Sprauge Dawley (S.D) rats received either nickel alone in the form NiSO4·6H2O at a dose of 800 mg/l in drinking water, zinc alone in the form of ZnSO4·7H2O at a dose of 227 mg/l in drinking water, or nickel plus zinc or drinking water alone for a total duration of...
Influence of 100 μM Ni on growth, Ni accumulation, $$\ \hbox{O}_{2}^{\cdot-}$$ , H2O2 and lipid peroxides contents as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (POD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were studied in the leaves of wheat plants on the 3rd, 6th and 9th days after treatment. Exposure of the plants to Ni for...
The transporter RcnA has previously been implicated in Ni(II) and Co(II) detoxification in E. coli probably through efflux. Here we demonstrate that the divergently described rcnA and rcnR gene products constitute a link between nickel, cobalt and iron homeostasis. Deletion of the rcnA gene resulted in increased cellular nickel, cobalt and iron concentrations. Expression of rcnA was induced by Ni(II)...
Chaperonin GroEL assists protein folding in the presence of ATP and magnesium. Recent studies have shown that several divalent cations other than magnesium induce conformational changes of GroEL, thereby influencing chaperonin-assisted protein folding, but little is known about the detailed mechanism for such actions. Thus, the effects of divalent cations on protein encapsulation by GroEL/ES complexes...
Influence of ladder concentration of nickel (Ni) on the leaves of Hydrocharis dubia were studied after 3 days treatment. The accumulation of Ni, the content of polyamines, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA) and soluble protein, as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in the leaves were investigated. The result indicated that the toxicity of Ni manifested...
Nickel compounds are important occupational and environmental pollutants. Chronic exposure to these pollutants has been connected with increased risks of respiratory cancers and cardiovascular diseases. However, it is still not clear what are the specific molecular targets for nickel toxicity and carcinogenicity. Here, we propose that the iron- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase family enzymes...
Nickel compounds may act as carcinogens, affecting both initiation and promotion stages of carcinogenesis due, in large parts, to their capability of inducing DNA damage and of modulating cellular signaling cascades known to affect cellular proliferation, respectively. We have previously demonstrated that the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling cascade is stimulated in cells exposed to...
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of nickel on shoot regeneration in tissue culture as well as to identify polymorphisms induced in leaf explants exposed to nickel through random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). In vitro leaf explants of Jatropha curcas were grown in nickel amended Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium at four different concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1 mM) for 3 weeks...
Transition metal ions are essential nutrients to all forms of life. Iron, copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt and nickel all have unique chemical and physical properties that make them attractive molecules for use in biological systems. Many of these same properties that allow these metals to provide essential biochemical activities and structural motifs to a multitude of proteins including enzymes and...
To investigate the mechanisms of Ni2+ effects on initiation and maintenance of polar cell growth, we used a well-studied model system—germination of angiosperm pollen grains. In liquid medium tobacco pollen grain forms a long tube, where the growth is restricted to the very tip. Ni2+ did not prevent the formation of pollen tube initials, but inhibited their subsequent growth with IC50 = 550 μM. 1 mM...
Nickel is an ubiquitous transition metal that is industrially applied in many forms, which inevitably leads to a high degree of occupational and environmental exposure. Over-exposure to nickel can produce a variety of adverse effects on human health, including allergy and lung and nasal cancers. In the present study, it is demonstrated, for the first time, that nickel [(Ni(II)] (as a nickel nitrate...
There is increasing evidence that toxic metals play a role in diseases of unknown etiology. Their action is often mediated by membrane proteins, and in particular neurotransmitter receptors. This brief review will describe recent findings on the direct interaction of metal ions with ionotropic γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) and glutamate receptors, the main inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitter...
We have previously reported that nickel acetate (Ni2+), a well-known human carcinogenic agents, differentially affected apoptosis in two different airway epithelial cell lines derived from the human respiratory tract (A549 and Beas-2B, respectively), suggesting a potential involvement of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/Neu receptors in mediating this effect. Since ErbBs are closely associated...
Glycosylation is an important product quality attribute of antibody biopharmaceuticals. It involves enzymatic addition of oligosaccharides on proteins by sequential action of glycosyltransferases and glycosidases in the endoplasmic reticulum and golgi. Some of these enzymes like galactosyltransferase and N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-I require trace metal cofactors. Variations in trace metal availability...
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