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Acid rain solubilises aluminum which can exert toxic effects on soil bacteria. The root nodule bacterium Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae synthesises the hydroxamate siderophore vicibactin in response to iron limitation. We report the effect of vicibactin on the toxicity of aluminum(III) to R. leguminosarum and kinetic studies on the reaction of vicibactin with Al(III) and Fe(III). Aluminum (added...
The addition of aluminum-maltol complex to PC12D cells induced a time-dependent and concentration-dependent growth inhibition as well as cell death, whereas aluminum chloride or maltol alone did not affect the viability of PC12D cells. Apoptosis of differentiated PC12D cells was assessed by using terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated 2′-deoxyuridine-5′-triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL)...
Aluminum (Al) is normally present in soils as the insoluble, harmless Al2O3. The highly toxic Al3+ and AlOH2+ monomeric cations are formed in acid soils but there is little consensus on the physiological basis of Al toxicity in plants. A major factor that has retarded progress in understanding aluminum toxicity in vascular plants is the lack of a convenient radioisotope for Al. Yeast and vascular...
Zinc, copper, and iron aggregate Aβ and accumulate in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) plaques. Some metals are increased in AD vs. control serum. The authors examined levels of 12 metals in serum of 44 AD and 41 control subjects. Zinc decreased from 12.3 to 10.9 μmol/L (means, p = 0.0007). Arsenic positively correlated with Mini-Mental State Examination score (p < 0.0001). Zinc deposition in brain amyloid...
Aluminum is a toxic metal whose complex aquatic chemistry, mechanisms of toxicity and trophic transfer are not fully understood. The only isotope of Al suitable for tracing experiments in organisms—26Al—is a rare, costly radioisotope with a low emission energy, making its use difficult. Gallium shares a similar chemistry with Al and was therefore investigated as a potential substitute for Al for use...
The phytosiderophores, mugineic acid (MA) and epi-hydroxymugineic acid (HMA), together with a related compound, nicotianamine (NA), were investigated for their ability to bind Al(III). Potentiometric titration analysis demonstrated that MA and HMA bind Al(III), in contrast to NA which does not under normal physiological conditions. With MA and HMA, in addition to the Al complex (AlL), the protonated...
Red, purple, and blue sepals on selected cultivars of Hydrangea macrophylla were analyzed for their aluminum content. This content was determined to be a function of the sepal color with red sepals possessing 0–10 μg Al/g fresh sepal, purple sepals having 10–40 μg Al/g fresh sepal, and blue sepals containing greater than 40 μg Al/g fresh sepal. Accordingly, the threshold aluminum content needed to...
Despite 40+ years of research on aluminum (Al) toxicity in aquatic organisms, Al transport mechanisms through biological membranes, and the intracellular fate of Al once assimilated, remain poorly understood. The trivalent metal scandium shares chemical similarities with Al and, unlike Al, it has a convenient radioactive tracer (Sc-46) allowing for relatively simple measurements at environmentally...
Aluminum (Al) stress is one of the serious limiting factors in plant productivity in acidic soils, which constitute about 50 % of the world’s potentially arable lands and causes anywhere between 25 and 80 % of yield losses depending upon the species. The mechanism of Al toxicity and tolerance has been examined in plants, which is vital for crop improvement and enhanced food production in the future...
Several Escherichia coli deletion mutants of the Keio collection were selected for analysis to better understand which genes may play a key role in copper or silver homeostasis. Each of the selected E. coli mutants had a deletion of a single gene predicted to encode proteins for homologous recombination or contained functions directly linked to copper or silver transport or transformation. The survival...
High Selenium Yeast (SeY) serves many important roles with respect to the maintenance of normal nervous system functioning. Studies have reported the nerve inflammation induced by Aluminum (Al) was associated with the increase of mortality. However, in-depth studies are required to verify the hypothesized neuro-protective efficacy of SeY against Al-induced cerebral damage through modulation of the...
To investigate the effect of Selenium Rich Yeast (SeY) on hepatotoxicity of Aluminium (Al), SeY (0.1 mg/kg) was orally administrated to aluminium-exposed mice (10 mg/kg) for 28 days. The risk of oxidative stress was assessed by detecting the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), catalase activity, H2O2 content, and mRNA levels of the Keap1/Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway. Inflammatory reactions were assessed by...
As gasotransmitter, nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are involved in the regulation of plant tolerance to abiotic stresses. Aluminum (Al) toxicity triggers synthesis of NO and H2S and seriously affects plant growth and productivity. Exogenous NO and H2S alleviate Al toxicity in plants. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms of NO and H2S in alleviating Al toxicity are very...
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