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BAG-1 has been identified as a Bcl-2-binding protein that inhibits apoptosis, either alone or in co-operation with Bcl-2. Here we show that BAG-1 inhibits p53- induced apoptosis in the human tumour cell line Saos-2. In contrast, BAG-1 was unable to inhibit the p53-independent pathway induced by apoptin, an apoptosis-inducing protein derived from chicken anaemia virus. Whereas BAG-1 seemed to co-operate...
Several natural proteins, including the cellular protein TRAIL and the viral proteins E4orf4 and Apoptin, have been found to exert a tumor-preferential apoptotic activity. These molecules are potential anti-cancer agents with direct clinical applications. Also very intriguing is their possible utility as sensors of the tumorigenic phenotype. Here, we focus on Apoptin, discussing recent research that...
In the early 1990s it was discovered that the VP3/Apoptin protein encoded by the Chicken Anemia virus (CAV) possesses an inherent ability to specifically kill cancer cells. Apoptin was found to be located in the cytoplasm of normal cells while in tumor cells it was localized mainly in the nucleus.1 These differences in the localization pattern were suggested to be the main mechanism by which normal...
Apoptin, a protein of the chicken anemia virus (CAV), consists of 121 amino acids (aa) and represents a novel, potentially tumor-specific therapeutic and diagnostic agent. The C-terminal part of Apoptin (aa 81–121) is believed to contain a bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) (NLS1: aa 82–88 and NLS2: aa 111–121), which is only active in tumor cells after phosphorylation of threonine108 by...
Apoptin, a protein derived from the chicken anaemia virus, induces cell death in various cancer cells but shows little or no cytotoxicity in normal cells. The mechanism of apoptin-induced cell death is currently unknown but it appears to induce apoptosis independent of p53 status. Here we show that p73, a p53 family member, is important in apoptin-induced apoptosis. In p53 deficient and/or mutated...
Apoptin, the VP3 protein from chicken anaemia virus (CAV), induces tumour cell-specific cell death and represents a potential future anti-cancer therapeutic. In tumour but not in normal cells, Apoptin is phosphorylated and translocates to the nucleus, enabling its cytotoxic activity. Recently, the β isozyme of protein kinase C (PKCβ) was shown to phosphorylate Apoptin in multiple myeloma cell lines...
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